Aços inoxidáveis em implantes ortopédicos: fundamentos e resistência à corrosäo / Stainless steels in orthopedic implants: fundaments and corrosion resistance

The use of metals and alloys, in medicine, specially in surgery, has increased since the development of septic surgical techniques, the employment of anesthesia, and the substitution of blood and human fluid. The need to improve the properties of orthopedic implant materials has become important due to several failures that have been reported. These failures are related to biocompatibility, mechanical resistance, and corrosion. The aim of this study is to describe stainless steels (kinds, properties, applications in orthopedic surgery) as well as to present the general aspects of metallic corrosion that can be found when these materials are used in orthopedic implants

Avaliação clínica do crescimento gengival em pacientes transplantados renais sob terapia com Ciclosporina A / Clinical evaluation of gingival overgrowth, in kidney transplanted patients, under the usage of CsA

Avaliou-se a incidência de crescimento gengival do grupo teste composto por vinte pacientes transplantados renais, sob uso de CsA. Como controle foi avaliado um grupo de vinte pacientes sem historia médica de uso de CsA. Foram aplicados índices de placa, gengival, profundidade de sondagem, e índice de crescimento gengival. A partir do índice de crescimento gengival foram instituídos critérios de mensuração da significância clínica do crescimento gengival por meio do qual verificamos que, no grupo teste, 35% dos pacientes e no grupo controle, 20% pacientes apresentaram incidência de crescimento gengival maior que 30%. Utilizando-se tese X2 Exato de Fisher verificamos que a profundidade de sondagem de 2,5mm e o aumento do índice gengival, associaram-se a incidência de crescimento gengival. Sendo assim, nossos resultados demonstram não haver diferença na incidência do crescimento gengival nos pacientes que usavam ou não usavam CsA. Dentre as variáveis periodontais avaliadas, o fator determinante para o crescimento gengival foi o aumento do índice gengival

It was appraised the incidence of gingival overgrowth in twenty kidney transplanted patients, under the usage of CsA. The incidence of gingival overgrowth on those was comparad to control group, without any medical history of the usage of CsA. It was applied criteria of measurement of the clinical significance of gingival growth, it was verified that in the test group 35% of the patients and in the control group 20% patients presented some incidence of gingival overgrowth. Using Fisher's Exact x2 test, it was verified that only the periodontal probing depths of 2.5 mm and the gingival index were associated to the incidence of gingival overgrowth. Based in these results, we conclude that the usage of CsA was not significantly associated to a higher incidence of gingival overgrowth in kidney transplanted patients and, among the periodontal variables evaluated, the most significant factor associated to risk of gingival overgrowth was the gingival index