Introduction and evaluation of “Peer-assisted learning” in department of physiology in first-year MBBS students in Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar

Background: Traditional lectures (using PowerPoint presentation or chalk and board) have become less effective, monotonous, and involve less student-teacher interaction. Introducing peer-assisted learning (PAL) may improve learning by increased student-teacher interaction, making interesting, and more effective for better student outcome, producing a competent Indian medical graduate. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to introduce PAL in 1st year MBBS students, to evaluate effectiveness of PAL both from Students and Teachers perspective, and to determine feasibility of PAL in a large batch of 150 students with limited teacher availability. Materials and Methods: Place of study is Muzaffarnagar medical college, Muzaffarnagar, UP. Study was conducted on 80, 1st phase MBBS students (2020 Batch) Ethical clearance from Institutional Ethics committee was obtained. A pre-test and a post-test of ten MCQs were given. Feedback from students and faculty members was also taken. Results: As post-test scores show a significant improvement Pal can be introduced as a TL method in MBBS students. Conclusion: Feedback from both the students and teachers show that a significant percentage agree that PAL is helpful in increasing knowledge, should be included in the teaching methodology in CBME curriculum, is feasible, can be included in internal assessment, and improve critical thinking skills.

Comparative study of brainstem auditory evoked responses in females having premenstrual symptoms with normal population

Background: Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) have largely been ignored, because ages so present study are done in females specifically having PMS comparing with females with no PMS. Very little work has been done in past in this field, because females revealing menstrual history are a big taboo in our society. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to study brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in females having premenstrual symptoms and comparing it with females having no premenstrual symptoms. Materials and Methods: BAEP was conducted on 60 females age group of 18–40 years in two groups in Research laboratory, Department of Physiology, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College in collaboration with SVBP Hospital, Meerut for 6 months. The subjects were divided into two groups, Group A having premenstrual symptoms and Group B having no premenstrual symptoms. The test was conducted in later part of luteal phase 23rd–25th day of menstrual cycle. The absolute latencies (ALs) and interpeak latencies (IPLs) were the parameters measured for the analysis of BAEP. Results: IPL, that is, interpeak latencies I–III and III–V in age group 18–25 years, showed statistically significant decrease in luteal phase in females having premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as compared to normal cycling females. Conclusion: Premenstrual symptoms females are showing few significant changes in auditory responses at mid brain level as recorded by BAEP study which can be due to the modulatory effect of female gonadal hormones progesterone and estrogen on neurotransmitters (serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate) in central nervous system.

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Thiosemicarbazone Analogues Of Ornidazole As Antifungal Agents

To synthesize a series of ornidazole thiosemicarbazone analogues on the basis of literature reviews of 2-Methyl-5-nitroimidazoles and thiosemicarbazones and to evaluate all the analogues in vitro for their activity against Aspergillus niger and fumigatus. Thiosemicarbazone analogues were synthesized from oxidising ornidazole with potassium dichromate and refluxing the oxidised product with substituted thiosemicarbazide using ethanol as solvent in the acidic medium overnight. All the synthesized analogues of ornidazole showed good antifungal action against fumigatus and niger except compound C-4. Unsubstituted amine analogue C-2 has shown highest percentage inhibition (96.6%, 500 μg/ml) against fumigatus while aromatic amine with or without electronegative atom analogues C-3 and C-5 has shown highest activity against Aspergillus niger which is two times than standard drug ornidazole (100%, 1000 μg/ml).

Prevalence of obesity and overweight in affluent adolescents from Ludhiana, Punjab.

The objective was to study the prevalence of obesity among adolescents in public schools of Ludhiana, catering to the affluent segment of population. We selected 1000 students from these schools by random, purposive sampling. Their anthropometry was taken. Students also filled-up a prevalidated questionnaire regarding dietary habits and lifestyle. Overweight/Obesity was defined using age and sex specific Body mass index (BMI) cut off points. Incidence of obesity was 3.4% and overweight was 12.7%. A significantly greater number of boys (15%) were overweight as compared to girls (10%).

Bactericidal power of neutrophils in protein calorie malnutrition.

The present study was undertaken to compare the disturbance in bactericidal power of neutrophils in 25 children having protein caloric malnutrition age and sex matched healthy control subjects. There was a highly significant reduction in the percentage of bacteria killed during incubation in children having PCM as compared to healthy control. A direct relationship existed between total serum proteins and bactericidal activity of neutrophils in children having PCM. The impaired bactericidal power of neutrophils can be attributed to impaired synthesis of lysosomal enzymes, glycolytic activity of neutrophils in children having PCM. The exact mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. Decreased bactericidal activity of neutrophils may be one of the mechanisms responsible for infection.

A study of incidence of Australia antigen and derangements in liver function tests in leprosy.

The present study was conducted in 50 patients of various subtypes of leprosy (Lepromatous, Tuberculoid, Borderline borderline) and 25 healthy control, for detection of Australia antigen and various liver function tests (serum protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphates, SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin and liver biopsy) to see incidence of Australia Antigen and derangement in liver function. It was concluded that incidence of Australia antigen in study and control group was zero. Total serum protein and serum globulin was increased in lepromatous leprosy. A/G ratio was reversed in 34.3% and 50% in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy respectively. Granulomatous hepatitis was seen in 66.66% and 50% cases of lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy respectively. No relationships was established between hepatic lesion, Australia antigen and liver function test.