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Pulses are obtained from leguminous plants that have many bioactive components and good nutritional value, being rich in protein, vitamins, and abundant macro- and micronutrients and thus contribute to global food security. Moth bean is compatible with the climatic conditions of Rajasthan because it is a drought-resistant crop though it is affected by many pathogenic microorganisms as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Infection of these microorganisms causes damage to plants which results in loss of productivity. In the current context, a review on fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases of moth bean has been dealt with. The major diseases of moth bean reported are leaf blight, leaf spots, seedling stem and root rot, pod rot, web blight, common bacterial blight, and mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) causing yield loss
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Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that encompasses several distinct entities with remarkably different characteristics . Histological type is the most important aspect of breast carcinoma characteristics. Histological type is associated with differences in epidemiology , diagnostic issues , clinical course & prognosis . Histological special types account for about 25% of breast cancer. Aim-The aim of this study is to identify the incidence and morphology of special types of breast cancers prevalent in our locality along with assessment of IHC status(ER,PR,Her2/neu)for better understanding of rare malignant tumors. Methods: This was aretrospective analysis of all special subtypes of breast cancers over a period of six years (July 2011-June 2017) in the department of Pathology ,VSSIMSAR,Burla,Odisha.Clinicopathological parameters and IHC status were reviewed in all cases. Results: All patients were females with median age of 51 years and undergone modified radical mastectomy. Out of total 448 cases of all breast carcinomas22 cases are of special histologic types.Medullary carcinoma was the most common type ( 7cases )( 13.8%) followed by metaplastic carcinoma(5cases)(22.7%), lobular carcinoma 3(cases )(13.6%),apocrine carcinoma 3(13.6%)cases, papillary carcinoma2(9%)cases, one(4.5%)case each of mucinous carcinoma and sebaceous carcinoma. Conclusion: The identification of the special types has a significant utility in luminal breast cancers and should be considered in therapeutic algorithm.
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Background: Salivary gland tumour accounts for less than 5 % of all head and neck tumours. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful method for evaluating suspicious salivary gland lesions due to its low cost, minimum morbidity, rapid turnaround time, high specificity, and high sensitivity. On the basis of cytological examination, lesions can be divided into inflammatory, benign, or malignant. If possible, specific diagnosis is given which helps the clinicians in planning the management of the lesion. The objective of the present study is to evaluate spectrum of salivary gland lesions in our set up and to access the diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of FNAC with correlation to histomorphology in spectrum salivary gland lesions. Methods: Present study being both prospective and retrospective, was carried out in department of pathology, VIMSAR, Burla, Odisha. The patients who came to cytology -preoperatively were subjected to FNAC to establish preoperative diagnosis. Postoperatively, the histomorphology was correlated with cytological diagnosis. The study was conducted over 3-year period (December 2014 to November 2017) in which 100 patients were observed. In the present study, 100 cases of salivary gland swelling are included . Salivary gland lesions were studied under the three groups, including non-neoplastic lesions, benign and malignant tumours. Results: In the present study, non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 56%(56/100), followed by benign tumour 29%(29/100) and malignant 15%(15/100). The most common gland involved was parotid (72%), followed by submandibular gland (25%) and minor salivary glands (03%), whereas no case of sublingual salivary gland lesion was observed in the present study. Chronic sialadenitis was the most common lesion (71.4%, 40/56). In benign tumours, pleomorphic adenoma accounted for maximum number of cases (86.21%, 25/29). In malignant lesions, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour (66.67%, 10/15). In the present study, both cytology and histology were carried out in 73 cases out of 100 in which correlation was done for sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for the non-neoplastic lesions, benign tumours, and malignant tumours was 97.5%, 84.2%, and 85.71%, respectively, and overall diagnostic accuracy was 91.78%. Conclusion: The FNAC technique is accurate, technique sensitive, and specific especially when used as screening method. Preoperative cytology is a useful, quick and reliable diagnostic technique for rapid diagnosis which helps in early diagnosis and can prevent unnecessary surgeries on patient.