RESUMO
Background: Obesity is a global health burden. Accumulation of fat in body is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities. It is the need of the hour to conduct various autonomic function tests among obese subjects and create awareness of the drawback of obesity as it is a reversible lifestyle disorder. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the autonomic cardiovascular parameters in obese adult males and females and compare the result with controls. Materials and Methods: Sympathetic cardiovascular parameters of both healthy obese and non-obese subjects were compared and correlated in a tertiary medical college and hospital. Criteria for obesity were according to the WHO criteria of body mass index. The tests were carried out with Mercury Sphygmomanometer. The data were collected; statistically analyzed and valid conclusions were drawn. Results: The baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the change in DBP after isometric exercise and cold pressure test when compared between obese and non-obese subjects found to be significant. Conclusions: Obesity by causing instability in autonomic function makes disorder in cardiovascular system which may lead to disease like hypertension in later life.
RESUMO
Background: Normal human beings can appreciate color in all three of it’s attributes; Hue, intensity, and saturation. Human beings can perceive three primary colors, that is, red, green, and blue. Any defect in appreciation of colors is known as color vision deficiency (CVD). Complete inability to appreciate color is known as color blindness. The genes for red and green cone pigments are found in the q arm of the X chromosome. Hence, red and green CVD are inherited as X-linked recessive diseases. Blue CVD is autosomaly inherited. Blood groups are genetically inherited as well. Although it is a known fact that there is a preponderance of genetic diseases in subjects belonging to a specific blood group, no such study was available in Western Odisha as per our knowledge. This becomes more relevant as consanguineous marriages are a serious social problem in that part of Odisha. Aim and Objectives: Therefore, the study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of CVD among Medical students in Western Odisha and to find out it’s relation, if any, with ABO blood groups, as these two entities are genetically inherited. Record should be kept for future use, especially for counseling at the time of marriage and if necessary, to choose a subject for further study, where color detection does not play an important part. Materials and Methods: Prior permission was taken from the Institutional Ethics Committee to carry out this study. The study was carried out among the 1st–4th year medical students of V.S.S. Medical College and Hospital (n = 690) from August 2022 to October 2022. Ishihara test plates for color vision and agglutination method for ABO blood grouping were employed to get the prevalence of CVD and to get the percentage of subjects belonging to each blood group among those having CVD. The observations were noted carefully. Results: After careful screening, it was seen that 647 (93.76%) were normal, 42 (6.08%) had CVD, and 1 (0.14%) subject was completely color blind. All those affected were males. Distribution of blood group in CVD subjects showed 7 (16.27%) numbers belonging to blood group A, 22 (51.16%) belonging to blood group B, 1 (2.3%) belonging to blood group AB, and 12 (27.9%) belonging to blood group O. The only color blind student belonged to blood group B (2.3%). Conclusion: As medical students have to deal with colors throughout their career, the study helps the subjects to be aware of their condition early in their professional life. It also tried to find out the percentage distribution into ABO blood groups. A larger population should be included to get more accurate results.
RESUMO
Background: Obesity is worldwide health problem, with increasing incidence and prevalence, high costs, and poor outcomes. Accumulation of adipose tissue mass is associated with respiratory abnormalities. There is a need to conduct pulmonary function tests (PFTs) among obese subjects and create awareness of the drawback of obesity as it is reversible lifestyle disorder.Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the PFT in obese adult males and females and compare the result with controls.Materials and Methods: PFTs of healthy non-obese subjects and obese but healthy subjects were compared and correlated in a tertiary medical college and hospital. Criteria for obesity were according to the WHO criteria of body mass index. The PFTs were carried out with a computerized spirometer (Med-Spiror).The data were collected, statistically analyzed, and valid conclusions were drawn. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the value of forced expiratory volume (FEV) 1 and FEV3. Peak expiratory flow rate in obese males and females whereas forced vital capacity and force expiratory flow 25–75% significantly decreased anly in obese male subjects.Conclusions: Obesity influences respiratory functions. The cause of this reduction of various pulmonary functions is due to the inability of the chest wall and thoracic cavity to expand which lead to a decrease in ventilatory volumes and total lung capacity.