Noise-induced gastric lesions: a light and electron microscopy study of the rat gastric wall exposed to low frequency noise / Lesões gástricas induzidas pelo ruído: um estudo por microscopia ótica e eletrônica da parede gástrica do rato exposta a ruído de baixa frequência

CONTEXT: Only a few studies evaluated the digestive alterations caused by low frequency noise (LFN) and most focused only on mucosal alterations. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the morphological injury of LFN-exposed gastric wall, beyond the epithelial layer. METHODS: Wistar rats were exposed to low frequency noise (LFN), during increasing periods, 1 to 13 weeks. A control group was kept in silence. Gastric specimens were studied using: (i) light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin and immunostaining for collagens; (ii) transmission electron microscopy; (iii) morphometry allowing statistical analysis. RESULTS: Submucosa of all LFN-exposed animals exhibit increased thickness with fibrous proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy showed massive collagen deposition. Immunostaining identified collagen IV as responsible for the increased thickness. Morphometry allowed the demonstration of a significant difference of thickness between control and exposed groups. Vascular alterations included: i) intima proliferation and thickening, rupture of the internal elastic lamina, thrombotic changes; ii) thickening of the media; iii) after 9 weeks of LFN-exposure, we found new formed vessel presenting tortuous and twisted. There is a significant difference of arterial wall thickness between control and exposed groups. CONCLUSIONS: Deeper layers of gastric wall undergo alterations, including fibrosis of the submucosa caused by collagen IV deposition, an early marker of neoangiogenesis. Vascular alterations included thickening and thrombotic phenomena, but also images of newly formed vessels. This study suggests that, at least in the stomach, LFN-induced fibrosis could be linked with neoangiogenesis.

CONTEXTO: Só um reduzido número de estudos avaliou as alterações digestivas causadas pelo ruído de baixa frequência (RBF) e, na sua maioria, focados nas alterações da mucosa. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as lesões morfológicas induzidas na parede gástrica pelo RBF, para além da camada mucosa. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar foram expostos a RBF, por períodos crescentes, desde 1 a 13 semanas. Um grupo controle foi mantido em silêncio. Fragmentos da parede gástrica foram estudados com recurso a: (i) microscopia ótica usando hematoxilina-eosina e imunomarcação para colágenos; (ii) microscopia eletrônica de transmissão; (iii) morfometria, permitindo a colheita de dados para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Observaram-se espessamento e proliferação de tecido fibroso na submucosa de todos os animais expostos aos RBF. A microscopia eletrônica de transmissão mostrou marcada deposição de colágeno. A imunomarcação identificou o colágeno IV como responsável pelo espessamento da submucosa. A morfometria permitiu demonstrar que a diferença de espessura da submucosa entre o grupo controle e os grupos de animais expostos era estatisticamente significativo. As alterações vasculares incluíram: (i) proliferação e espessamento da íntima, com rotura da lâmina elástica interna e fenômenos trombóticos; (ii) espessamento da média; (iii) após 9 semanas de exposição ao RBF, observaram-se vasos neoformados tortuosos e contorcidos. A espessura dos vasos dos animais expostos ao ruído é significativamente maior que a espessura no grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: As camadas profundas da parede gástrica sofrem alterações que incluem fibrose causada pela deposição de colágeno IV, marcador precoce de neoangiogênese. As alterações vasculares incluem espessamento e fenômenos trombóticos e vasos neoformados. O presente estudo sugere que, pelo menos no estômago, a fibrose associada ao RBF pode estar ligada à neoangiogênese.

Chronic exposure of rats to occupational textile noise causes cytological changes in adrenal cortex.

Chronic exposure to industrial noise and its effects on biological systems. Occupational exposure to noise may result in health disorders. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to high-intensity noise of textile industry cotton rooms on the adrenal morphology. The environmental noise of a cotton-mill room from a large textile factory of Northern Portugal was recorded and reproduced by an adopted electroacoustic setup in a sound-insulated animal room where the rats were housed. The sounds were reproduced at the original levels of approximately 92 dB, which was achieved by equalization and distribution of sound output in the room. Wistar rats were submitted to noise exposure, in the same time schedule as employed in textile plants. After one, three, five, and seven months, the adrenals were collected and analyzed by light microscopy. Analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons of the means between the groups. Noise exposure induced time-dependent changes in adrenal cortex, with decrease of zona fasciculata (ZF) and increase of zona reticularis volumes, together with a significant depletion of lipid droplet density in ZF cells of exposed rats, in comparison to control rats. Chronic exposure of rats to textile industry noise triggers cytological changes in the adrenals that suggest the existence of a sustained stress response.