Ameliorative effect of two antioxidants on the liver of male albino rats exposed to electromagnetic field

This study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of silymarin [SIL] and vitamin E [Vit.E] against changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the liver of male albino rats. Total of 48 adult male albino rats were assigned for this study. The 1[st] group served as control [n=6]; the 2[nd] group exposed to mobile phone generator radiation [900MHz] for 2hr/day 3days/week for two months, 3[rd] group [+ve control] supplemented with SIL, 4[th] group [+ve control] supplemented with Vit.E, 5[th] group [+ve control] supplemented with SIL and Vit.E, 6[th] group: exposed group supplemented with SIL, 7[th] group: exposed group supplemented with Vit.E and 8[th] group exposed group supplemented with SIL and Vit.E.Physiological, histopathological and histochemical changes were studied. Exposure to mobile phone causes reduction in RBCs, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC. However, WBCs count, platelets count, lymphocytes % and neutrophil %were increased.Also, there were increases in liver enzyme activities ALAT, ASAT and ALP in serum and liver tissue significantly and increased oxidative stress markers [MDA and H[2]O[2]].While, antioxidants [CAT and GSH] were decreased in serum and liver tissue. Numerous histopathological changes were detected in the liver tissue of rats of the irradiated group with altered collagen fibres, polysaccharides and total protein in hepatocytes of the central and portal areas of the liver tissue in the exposed group These changes manifested good amelioration in the exposed groups that supplemented with SIL and/or Vit.E . Treatment of rats with SIL and/or Vit.E ameliorated the dangerous effect of mobile phone radiation

Physiological and histological studies on the heart of male albino rats exposed to electromagnetic field and the protective role of silymarin and/or vitamin E

This study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of silymarin [SIL] and/or vitamin E [Vit.E] against changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the heart of male albino rats. Total of 48 adult male albino rats were assigned for this study. The 1[st] group served as control [n=6], the 2[nd] group exposed to mobile phone generator radiation [900MHz] for 2hr/day 3days/week for two months, 3[rd] group [+ve control] supplemented with SIL, 4[th] group [+ve control] supplemented with Vit. E, 5[th] group [+ve control] supplemented with SIL and Vit.E, 6[th] group: exposed group supplemented with SIL, 7th group: exposed group supplemented with Vit.E and 8[th] group exposed group supplemented with SIL and Vit.E. Physiological ,histopathological and histochemical changes were studied. Exposure to mobile phone causes increases in activities of CPK, CK-MB and LDH enzymes in serum and heart tissue and oxidative stress markers [MDA and H[2]O[2]],while antioxidants [CAT and GSH] were decreased in the heart tissue. Sodium [Na] and calcium [Ca] levels were decreased While, K level showed non-significant change in serum. Numerous histopathological changes were detected in the heart tissue of rats of the irradiated group with altered collagen fibres, polysaccharides in the cardiac muscle fibres of the exposed group. These changes manifested good amelioration in the exposed groups that supplemented with SIL and/or Vit.E. Treatment of rats with SIL and/or Vit.E ameliorated the dangerous effect of mobile phone radiation occurred in the cardiac muscle fibres

beneficial effect of trifolium flower extracts on paracetamol- intoxicated male rats

Acetaminophen known as paracetamol [P] overdose can cause severe hepatotoxicity and even liver failure and hepatic centrilobular necrosis in experimental animals and humans. The male rats [n=36] were allocated into 6 groups [each group n=6 rats]. Group I was kept as control. All animals in groups II-VI were given paracetamol at 2 g /kg bw by gastric gavage on days 3 post Trifolium alixanderanum [T alixanderanum] flower extracts [TEs] or N-acetylcystiene [NAC] treatments. Group III, IV and V were treated for three days by hexane extract [THE + P], ethanol extract [TEE + P] and water extract [TWE + P]. Group VI received 100 mg/kg bw of antidote N-acetylcystiene [NAC + P]. Paracetamol induced a significant rise in Liver weight and hepatosomatic index, serum aspartate amino transferase [ASAT], alanine amino transferase [ALAT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total bilirubin [T bili], liver lipid peroxides [MDA+ 4-HDNE] with a reduction of liver glutathione [GSH], glutathione peroxidase [GSHpx] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] enzymes activities. The plant extracts showed a remarkable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity as judged from the serum marker enzymes and antioxidant levels in liver tissues. The present investigation indicated that paracetamol damaged liver cells and TEs prevented this damage when compared with control group. Trifolium flower hexane extract was the most effective superior to TEE, TWE and NAC

Amelioration of aluminium - intake oxidative stress by some antioxidants in male albino rats

Aluminum is potentially toxic to humans. The Agency for Toxics Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR] reported that aluminum accumulates mainly in the bone, liver, testes, kidneys and brain. The goal of the present study was to assess in rats the pro-oxidant effects induced by Al[3+] exposure, as well as the protective role of exogenous melatonin [M], vitamin E [vit. E] or N-acetylcystiene [NAC]. The effect of aluminium [Al] alone or combined with antioxidants [M], [vit. E] or [NAC] on some physiological parameters and antioxidants in male albino rats were studied. The animals were assigned to 5 groups: control [group I]; Al[3+]-intake [53.5 mg AlCl[3]/litre drinking water, group II] ; 5 mg melatonin/kg b.wt. plus AlCl[3] [group III]; or vitamin E[100 mg/kg b.w.] plus AlCl[3] [group IV]or 100mg N-acetylcystien plus AlCl[3] [group V]. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood was obtained. Thereafter, brain, liver, kidney and testes were removed. These tissues were processed to examine oxidative stress markers: reduced glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSHpx] and lipid peroxidation end products [malondialdhyde[MDA] + 4- hydroxynonenal [4- HNE]]. Samples of these tissues were also used to determine Al3+ concentrations. In Al- toxicated group ,serum glucose and total cholesterol levels, liver enzyme activities [ASAT and ALAT], as well as, lipid peroxidation end products [malondialdhyde [MDA] + 4- hydroxynonenal [4- HNE]] were elevated significantly in the brain, liver, kidney and testes tissues when compared with control group. On the other hand, serum triglycerides and tissue [liver, kidney and testes] intracellular antioxidants glutathione [GSH] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] and liver glutathione peroxidase [GSHpx] activity decreased significantly. Brain GSH also decreased but SOD showed no significant changes. Melatonin, vit. E and NAC improved the levels of the different changed parameters when combined with Al. The most improved correction was recorded when Al[3+] combined with vit. E followed by M ,then NAC. Serum Al[3+] levels were increased in Al[3+] treated group as well as groups exposed to Al[3+] combined with vit. E, M or NAC when compared with control group. Al[3+] could not be detected in tissues by atomic spectrophotometer [aluminium metal concentrations were below the limit of detection by AAS]. The results show that Al[3+] exposure promotes oxidative stress in different tissues while melatonin, vitamin E and N-acetylcystiene exert antioxidant actions in Al[3+]-treated animals. The protective effects of these antioxidants against cellular damage caused by Al[3+]-induced oxidative stress, together with its low toxicity, make them worthy of investigation as potential supplements to be included in the treatment of neurological disorders in which the oxidative effects must be minimized as well as protection against liver, kidney and testes damage by Al- exposure. Dietary vitamin E supplementation may offer further protection

Study of antioxidant effect of selenium on female rats treated with contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy

Selenium is an essential trace mineral in the human body. it is an important part of antioxidant enzymes [Glutathione peroxidase] that protects cells against the effect of free radicals. Contraceptives are capable of inhibiting ovulation and successfully control fertility. Estrogen replacement therapy [ERT] is a wide spread treatment in postmenopausal women to alleviate climatic complaints. It has also been applied in the prevention of osteoporosis. The present study aims to follow-up antioxidant enzymes status of normal adult and ovariectomized female albino rats treated with contraceptive. Selenium was orally administered in therapeutic dose of 50 micro g/kg.b.wt/day, oral contraceptives [estrogen 0.54 and progesterone 2.7 micro g/kg.b.wt/day] and intramuscular injection of ERT 90 micro g/kg.b.wt/day for 30 days. Repeated medication with selenium caused very highly significant increase in super-oxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH], glutathione reductase [GSH-R], glutathione S-transferase [GST] and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-PX] and decline in lipid peroxidation [LPO]. Contraceptives and ERT caused significant reduction in SOD, GSH, GSH-R, GST, GSH-PX and significant increase in LPO. When selenium was administered with contraceptive or with ERT, a slight increase was noticed in the different antioxidant parameters studied except for LPO which recorded a significant decrease.

Effect of selenium on lipid profile of rats treated with contraceptives or certain hormone replacement therapy

Selenium play a vital part in many metabolic functions while new researches increasingly suggest it is relevance to disease prevention. Contraceptive are capable of inhibiting ovulation and successfully controlling fertility. Estrogen is a wide spread treatment in post menopousal women to alleviate climatic complaints. The present study planned to achieve three goals. First one: aims to investigate some biochemical study on lipid content and side effect that occur from repeated administration of drugs [selenium, contraceptive and estrogen replacement therapy] in experimental animals. Follow up the effect on repeated administration [accumulation doses] of contraceptive on rats. Second the effect of selenium on antioxidant to amelioration any hardard effects if present. Third of them of lipid profile. Selenium was orally administered in therapeutic dose [50 micro g/kg/day], contraceptive [estrogen 540 micro g/kg/day, progesterone 2.7 micro g/kg/day] and estrogen replacement therapy [90 micro g/kg/day] to adult female albino rats ovarectomized female rats for 30 days. Repeated medication with Selenium caused significant reduction in total lipid [T.L], Triglycerid, [T.G.], total cholesterol [T.Ch.], HDL, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and serum estradiol. Contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy revealed very highly significant increase in T.L, T.G. T.Ch, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and estradiol When selenium was administered with contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy, noticeable amelioration was recorded in lipid profile a slight increase was noticed in the different studied lipid parameters.