frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus among diabetic children in El Minia Governorate, Egypt

Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] in children and adolescents is becoming an increasingly important public health concern throughout the world. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of T2DM among diabetic young people in El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, and to detect its risk factors. A total of 210 diabetic patients under 18 years old in Minia Governorate were included in the study and underwent a thorough history-taking, a physical examination and laboratory investigations. T2DM was present in 28 patients [13.3%]; it was significantly present in 18 females [64.3%] and 20 [71.4%] of them had a positive family history of DM. T2DM patients had significantly higher BMI and waist circumference centiles for age and sex than those with T1DM. Also, haemoglobin A1c%, serum C-peptide and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in T2DM than T1DM patients. Finally, there were weak significant positive correlations between C-peptide level and both BMI and waist circumference. T2DM is no longer a disease of adults but can also occur in children and adolescents. The results suggested that obesity, female gender and a positive family history of DM are risk factors for T2DM. Also, patients with T2DM had poorer glycaemic control and hypercholesterolemia than those with other types of diabetes

study of adiponectin in children with diabetes mellitus

Adiponectin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue. It is secreted exclusively by adipocytes and appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity, diabetes mellitus [DM], and its comorbidities. The aim of this study was to assess adiponectin levels in diabetic children with type 1 DM [T1DM] and type 2 DM [T2DM], and to detect its prognostic role in them. This study was undertaken from April to July 2011 at Minia University Children's Hospital, Egypt, and included 314 children aged 2-18 years divided into two patient groups. Group I consisted of 164 pre-diagnosed diabetic patients, further subdivided into Group Ia which included 142 patients with T1DM and Group Ib, 22 patients with T2DM; Group 2 included 150 apparently healthy children as a controls; they were age- and sex-matched to the diseased group. Patients were subjected to a thorough history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations including assessment of HbA1c percentages, fasting C-peptide levels, lipid profiles and fasting serum adiponectin levels. Adiponectin levels did not differ significantly between patients with T1DM and T2DM, but it was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the controls. In T1DM, adiponectin had positive significant correlations with the duration of the disease and waist circumference, while in T2DM, it had a positive significant correlation with the dose of insulin given and negative significant associations with diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and C-peptide levels. The results of the study suggest that adiponectin can play a protective role against the metabolic complications of DM

Cardiotoxic effects of subacute therapy of nandorlene-decanoate and the protective role of trimetazidine: an experimental study

Anabolic androgenic steroids [AAS] are synthetic analogues of the natural androgenic male hormone called testosterone that is produced primarily in the testes in males and in the ovaries in females. Anabolic steroids are effective in enhancing athletic performance, in an effort to deliver a more optimal protein tissue building [anabolic] effect with less of the potential for musculinizing [androgenic] side-effects that are characteristic of testosterone itself. To shed light on the possible role of anabolic steroids in the induction of cardiac lesions; and experimental study as conducted on 30 male Wister rats divided into three groups, 10 per each group. The group 1 served as a control, group II [Nandorlene decanoate group] received 1 mg. [deca-durabolin[registered sign] 2.5 mg] by IM injection once daily for 14 consecutive days. Lastly, the group III [trimetazidine group] received Deca-durabolin in the same previous described regimen plus [Vastarel [registered sign] intraperitoneally in a dose f 5mg/kg dissolved in saline. All groups were scarified by decapitation on the 15[th] day. The supratherapeutic dose of AAS used in this study was chosen to mimic the self administered heavy abuse of AAS taken by body-builders. To assess cardiotoxicity, blood samples were collected for analysis of serum LDH, CPK-MB, and cardia content of catalase, and reduced glutathione and expression of caspase 3 protein [one of the antiapoptotic markers]. The cardiac muscle was separated and excised for immunohistochemistry and slot blot of caspase 3 and H and E examination. The Nandorlene decanoate group showed a highly significant elevated serum LDH and CPK-MB levels, and a highly significant depletion in cardia catalase, and reduced glutathione. The trimetazidine group showed a highly significant reduced serum LDH and CPK-MB, with a highly significant increased cardia catalase and reduced glutathione. Immunohistochemical cardiac examination of caspase 3 protein of the Nandorlene decanoate group showed increased expression which is reduced after trimetazidine therapy as a protective drug. In addition, H and E study findings of group II [Nandorlene decanoate group] were corrected in group III after Trimetazidine therapy. These results confirm the cardiotoxic effects of anabolic steroid abuse and the alleviating effects after Trimetazidine use