RESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic disparities in the community make some groups more vulnerable to dengue infection. METHODS: Fourteen dengue cases (IgM positive) served as index cases for the positive geographic cluster investigations. RESULTS: Of 292 individuals, the overall dengue seroprevalence was 22.9% (IgM positive 4.8%; IgG positive 18.1%). The highest (45%) seroprevalence was reported in the most socioeconomically vulnerable lower class, followed by the middle class (39%). Orthogonal comparisons showed that socioeconomic factors play a significant role in the prevalence of dengue. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated approach is required to control the menace through vector control strategies and improvement of socioeconomic conditions.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Dengue/epidemiologia , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The aim of the review was to critically appraise the various pros and cons of the synthetic and herbal agents used in mouthwashes against halitosis and facilitate users to choose appropriate mouthwashes according to their need. Oral Malodour [OMO] or halitosis is a global epidemic with social and psychological impact. Use of mouthwash has been adopted worldwide to control halitosis within a past few decades. Alcohol and Chlorhexidine are common agents in synthetic mouthwashes, while Tannins and Eugenol are derived traditional herbal extracts. Each agent signifies some unique properties distinguishing them from others. Herbal ingredients are gaining the attention of the profession due to its mild side effects and competitive results. Herbal mouthwashes can be a safer choice in combating OMO, as an alternate to synthetic mouthwashes
Assuntos
Halitose , Álcoois , Clorexidina , Taninos , Eugenol , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Teak leaves (Tectona grandis) abundantly available in India showed high sorption capacity for lead ions and were found efficient for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions. The extent of removal was found to be dependent on pH, temperature, concentration of metal ions and the dose of adsorbent. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated at different temperatures. The sorbent once used can be regenerated and recycled two - three times almost with the same capacity. However, regeneration by column operation gave better results than batch process.
Assuntos
Adsorção , Asteraceae/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Biotecnologia/métodos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Chumbo/análise , Metais/análise , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Prótons , Temperatura , Termodinâmica , Fatores de Tempo , Árvores/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da ÁguaRESUMO
This paper presents the use of testa of groundnut shell for the removal of nickel from dilute aqueous solutions at laboratory scale. The adsorption isotherm of Ni(II) on the testa of groundnut shell was carried out by the batch adsorption process. Various parameters such as initial concentration, pH and amount of the adsorbent doses were studied. The experimental adsorption data obtained followed both Langmuir as well as Freundlich isotherms. Maximum adsorption (85%) was observed at pH 6. The monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 18.79 mg/g, which is greater than most of the low-cost adsorbents reported.