Community versus Hospital Acquired Pressure Injuries: An Assessment of Predisposing Risk Factors

@#Introduction: Pressure injuries are a common problem in acute and chronic healthcare settings with critical morbidity and mortality consequences on patients and healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to assess the predisposing risk factors associated with patients with community acquired pressure injuries and hospital acquired pressure injuries. Methods: Data were drawn from patients' electronic medical records from two hospitals with a total of 784 beds in the North Texas area and 94 records of HAPI and 206 records of CAPI patients were assessed. The measures examined included patients' socio-demographic variables, admission diagnosis, and Braden scale measures. Results: Scores for Albumin, weight, body mass index, length of stay and Braden measures were significantly higher for HAPI than CAPI patients at α < 0.05. Higher total Braden scores (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.41), friction (OR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.39, 4.27), and longer length of stay (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.18) were associated with a higher likelihood of HAPI. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at prevention of pressure injuries should target reducing friction and length of stay at care facilities.

Contribution of public places in proliferation of dengue vectors in Penang Island, Malaysia

Objective: To determine abundance, distribution and diversity of potential breeding container habitats of the dengue vectors in public places including schools, restaurants, mosques and parks in southwest areas of Penang Island, Malaysia. Methods: Premises at restaurants, schools, parks and mosques were surveyed simulta-neously and inspected visually for container habitats and production of immature mosquitoes from March 2015 to March 2016. Abundance (mean ± SE) of breeding containers between sites was compared using One-way ANOVA. Independent sample t-test was used to compare total number of Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) surveyed. Results: The surveyed locations yielded a total of 3741 breeding containers and 19537 immature mosquitoes from four areas. Concurrent artificial and natural containers pro-duced 78.4%immature Ae. albopictus and 6.3%Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in wet season, with 14.2% Ae. albopictus and 1.1% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in dry season. Artificial containers accounted for 98.1% of the total containers recorded, with restaurants being the most productive locations (8012) and schools being the least productive (2234). Conclusions: It was concluded that public places are good sources of potential container habitats of Aedes mosquitoes in Penang Island, Malaysia and Ae. albopictus has exclu-sively replaced the home-grown Ae. aegypti even in urban areas. Therefore, treatment of artificial containers in such locations is critical in Aedes mosquito control campaigns during dengue outbreaks.