[ prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and risk factors among diabetic patients attending to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari]

Diabetes is a common disease with opthialmic complications which leads to partial vision loss and blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the main causes of blindness in the world and the most common new blindness among 20-74 years-old patients in Westem countries. Diagnosis of ophthalmic complications in diabetic patients is an important priority of the health system and the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of retinopathy and risk factors in diabetic patients attending to Imam Khomeini hospital in Sari. Five hundred and forty diabetic patients attending to diabetics center of Imam Khomeini hospital enrolled for this study. Medical history was taken and the patients undergone physical exam with blood pressure control, height and weight and BMI, Laboratory tests [HbA1C] including serum urea and keratinin and proteinuria and serum lipid. Standard ophthalmic exams including: visual acuity, intra ocular pressure, slit lamp exam, dilated pupils were examed by ophthalmologist and ETDRS grading was done. Data were analyzed using t-test, x2, Mann Withney test and regression analysis. P value of < 0.05 was considered for significancy. Five hundred and forty diabetic patients including 150 men and 390 women were studied. One hundred and eighty five patients 5 with type one diabetes and 180 with type two diabetes had diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 34.3%. There were significant differences in range of risk factors such as BMI, duration of diabetes, diabetic control, blood sugar control, level of HbA1C, serum urea and keratinin, proteinuria, blood pressure, level of serum lipid [P<0.05]

Infantile cystinosis.

Ten patients of nephropathic cystinosis were admitted during the period 1995-2000. Their mean age was 12 months. The signs of failure to thrive and advanced rickets were seen in all patients. Other features included polyuria, polydipsia, pathologic fractures and deafness. Laboratory findings included glucosuria, hyposthenuria, hypocalcemia, proteinuria and azotemia. Therapy with phosphocysteamine showed marked clinical improvement.