Diagnostic Accuracy of Imprint Cytology and Frozen Section for CNS Tumor.

The present study was a cross-sectional type of descriptive one carried out with the objective of determining the diagnostic accuracy of imprint cytology and frozen section of central nervous system tumors. A purposively selected sample of 33 clinically diagnosed patients with CNS tumors has been included for the study. The relevant data on CNS tumors were collected by using imprint cytology, frozen section and paraffin section. The sensitivity of imprint cytology was 75.0% and specificity was 55.17% respectively. On the other hand positive predictive value of imprint cytology was 18.75% and negative predictive value was 94.11%. The sensitivity of frozen section was 100% and specificity was 86.21% respectively. Comparing the findings of the frozen section to histopathology, the positive predictive value was 50.0% and negative predictive value was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of imprint cytology was lower in comparison to frozen section and paraffin section. Still then imprint cytology is preferred, because it can be carried out rapidly and easily. It will also be a very helpful aid especially when facilities for frozen section are limited but neurosurgical-procedure is available. A well designed research with adequate sample size should be carried out to get better diagnostic accuracy of imprint cytology in central nervous system tumors.

A Case Report on Angiomyxoma.

Aggressive Angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare variety of soft tissue tumour of pelvis and perineum occurring almost exclusively in adult females. AA is most often found in or in proximity to the lower pelvis, more specifically perineum, vulva, vagina or inguinal regions. Here we report a case of angiomyxoma. She is a 40 years old house wife, presented with a brownish, soft, multilocular, pedunculated nontender solid mass in the left side of the vaginal wall. Though initially it was provisionally diagnosed as a case of cervical polyp, ultimately histopathology proved it to be a case of Aggressive Angiomyxoma.

Kikuchi's Disease: A Case Report.

Kikuchi's disease is also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare benign, self-limiting cervical lymphadenitis of unknown etiology. It predominantly affects young women and can closely mimic infective and immunological disorders. Recognition of this condition is crucial, specially because it can easily be mistaken for tuberculosis, lymphoma, or even adenocarcinoma. We report an 18 years old girl who presented with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. She had multiple enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy. Examination of other systems was normal. Laboratory investigations were also normal. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the cervical node was not done. The patient took a course of oral antibiotics. Since the patient did not respond, lymph node biopsy was done and the histological features suggested the diagnosis of Kikuchi's disease. The Patient was treated symptomatically and complete remission occurred in few weeks. Although the incidence of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is rare, clinicians should be aware of this condition as early recognition of the disease will minimize potentially harmful and unnecessary evaluations and treatments.

Treating Asthma in Pregnancy - An Update.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic medical conditions affecting the lungs during pregnancy. At any given time, up to 8% pregnant women have asthma. During pregnancy, asthma not only affects the woman, but it can also cut back on the oxygen to fetus. But this does not mean that having asthma will make pregnancy more difficult or dangerous to fetus. Pregnant women who have asthma that is properly controlled generally have normal pregnancies with little or no increased risk to pregnant women or their developing babies. Currently available national guidelines for the treatment of asthma during pregnancy emphasize the objective measurement of control, patient education, motivation, caution and medication adherence. The article reviews the available literature highlighting the appropriate selection of medications in the treatment of asthma during pregnancy, and to identify those factors which may influence the asthma care provider's ability to successfully manage this condition, and also illustrate that maintaining asthma control with long term medications in pregnancy is safer than the risk of uncontrolled asthma or untreated exacerbations for both the mother and the fetus. Women's drug treatment during pregnancy should be regularly assessed in the light of asthma control criteria.

"Nonunion of Adult Humerus Fracture" - Management Using the Ilizarov External Fixator.

Humeral shaft fractures occur about three percent of all fractures in adults. A very high union rate is achieved with non-operative treatment, however when nonunion occurs conservative approach or after operative management they are often very difficult to treat, and often requires multiple procedures to achieve union. Even with multiple procedures, true pseudoarthrosis have only a 59% union rate. The aim of this study was to find out the results of such complicated cases treating with Ilizarov's external fixator. We conducted a prospective study of eleven patients with nonunion humeral shaft fracture in adult wherein the outcome of the treatment was analyzed. In our series we achieved union in all of the cases with a mean of 29.1 weeks with negligible complications like pin tract infections and in one case refracture occur due to forceful manipulation. So it can be concluded that Ilizarov's method is an excellent option for the treatment of nonunion of diaphyseal fracture of the humerus.

The Role of SPECT-Guided CT for Evaluating Foci of Increased Bone Metabolism Classified as Indeterminate on SPECT in Cancer Patients.

Planar and SPECT bone scintigraphy has played a major role in the staging of many cancers such as breast and prostate cancer, as well as in orthopedics. Integrated diagnostic CT combined with SPECT has helped improve localization and characterization of skeletal lesions, improving diagnostic confidence and helping management decisions, over traditional SPECT. A major advantage has been improved characterization of indeterminate bone lesions and differentiation of benign from malignant lesions due to additional CT information. In this treatise the role of SPECT-guided CT for evaluating foci of increased bone metabolism classified as indeterminate of SPECT in cancer patients is reviewed. Using this approach, the diagnostic confidence in differentiating malignant from benign bone lesions should better with the fused SPECT/CT image than with separate sets of bone scintigraphic and CT images.