Cephalic Index in Population of District Jhalawar, Rajasthan According to Food Habit and it's Significance

Background: Cephalic index exhibits sexual differences and different shapes of head. This information will be highly important for Plastic surgeons, Forensic Scientists, Anatomists, Human Biologists, Criminologists & Physical Anthropologists. Materials & Methods: The present study was observed on 200 living subjects of Jhalawar district Rajasthan (100 male and 100 female) of 18 to 25 years in the year of 2013 with the objective to study the sex differences and food habitual in cephalic index. Cephalic index was investigated with the help of head length and width with the use of spreading caliper. Results: The study showed that mean cephalic index was higher in females than in males. Conclusion: Predominant head type was dolicocephalic in both sexes.

Investigation of Extracts from Tunisian Ethnomedicinal Plants as Antioxidants, Cytotoxins, and Antimicrobials / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the medicinal potential of various plants and their parts extracted with different solvents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The total phenolic content of acetonitrile/water (60%-40%) (ACN/W) and aqueous (W) extract fractions was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and terpenic compounds were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and β-carotene bleaching method. Cell viability was investigated by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2-yl 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. The mechanisms involved in cytotoxic activity were investigated in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and cancer lines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our findings show that 11 plant species exhibited biological activity. In addition, moderate antibacterial activity was reported against one or more of the tested bacterial strains at two concentrations: 300 μg and 3 mg/disc. Furthermore, our data reveal that among all plants investigated, some extract and hydrophobic fractions were potent scavengers of the DPPH radical (6.78 μg/mL < EC50 < 8.55 μg/mL). Taken together, our results show that Nerium oleander (NOACN/W) and Pituranthos tortuosus (PTACN/W) were highly cytotoxic against RAW 264.7 cells with IC80 values of 0.36, and 1.55 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, murine macrophage cell lines had low growth and were significantly sensitive to water extracts of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis (THW), Lavandula multifida (LMW), and ACN/W extract of Erica multiflora (EMACN/W) at doses > 400, 47.20, and 116.74 μg/mL, respectively. The current work demonstrates that RAW 264.7 cell proliferation was inhibited by samples in a dose-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings, validated through free radical scavenging activity, agar diffusion assay, and cytotoxicity of essential oils towards cancer cells, show that ethnomedicinal plants used in this work have a novel application as a tumor suppressor.</p>

Laser therapy in superficial bladder tumors: technique, results and complications

Fifty-two patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma were randomized to receive either Nd:YAG laser therapy [25 patients] or transurethral resection [27 patients]. Local tumor recurrence at the same site of the original tumor occurred in 12% of patients treated with laser therapy compared with 56% of those treated by transurethral resection. There was no significant difference as regards remote recurrence in both groups. These findings were corroborated even after stratification according to stage and grade, which agreed with a number of published reports. In addition, the Nd:YAG laser was associated with a smaller incidence of treatment-related morbidity. Nevertheless, the high cost of setting up and maintaining a laser unit precludes recommending it except in the setting of a large tertiary referral center

Is MRI efficient for diagnosing all the knee disorders?

MRI is now established as a primary imaging modality in the knee. It is a simple technique which enables all the bony and soft tissue structures to be visualized noninvasively. But arthroscopy still has the upper hand in diagnosing the majority of different knee affections although invasively. Two hundred and fifty-three different knee lesions in 160 patients were evaluated by MRI and arthroscopy to judge importance of each. MRI is valuable in the investigation of patient with suspected internal derangement of the knee since it accurately assesses meniscal and ligamentous integrity, but detecting the shape of meniscal tears was not as accurate as by arthroscopy. MRI may be used to assess hyaline cartilage, synovium and bone in the complete spectrum of disorders of the knee, but it failed to differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis and pigmented villo-nodular synovitis which is a very easy and accurate by arthroscopy. Also, detection of various types of chondromalacia patillae and visualization of synovial plica could not be revealed. On the other hand, various kinds of extrasynovial lesions could not be accurately diagnosed by arthroscopy which is an easy job of MRI

Tumours of the lateral ventricle

Tumours of the lateral ventrical constitute a segregate and rare entity due to the similarity in their clinical course and presentation, radiological picture and surgical management 28 cases of lateral ventricular tumours are the subject of this study with a female prepondrance [1.5: 1] and greatest incidenct in the third decade of life. The symptomatology was vagie, mainly those of increased intracranial pressure without localization or lateralization with a rather short duration [5% less than 3 months]. All the patients were subjected to C.T> scanning. The mortality rate in the series was high, mounting to 32% mainly in the first cases, while in the last 14 cases due to improvement of the technique, the results improved markedly. Postoperative haemorrhage has been the most common and serious complication faced with, followed by infection. Radiotherapy was resorted to for cases of ependymoma with postoperative residual