RESUMO
Some biological aspects and life table of the oat bird-cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L. feed on wheat [Sids 1] were studied at constant temperatures of 18°+/-2, 22°+/-2 and 26+/-2°C. At a given temperatures, the time needed for the development of nymphal instars decreased significantly with the increase in temperatures
The longest period was recorded at 18+/-2°C while the shortest one was found at 26+/-2°C
The calculated developmental threshold [tO] of the whole nymphal stage was estimated as 12.66°C. The thermal units needed for the development of the whole nymphal stage of the oat aphid were 67.95 day-degrees
Generation time [GT], reproductive potential [RO], population-doubling time [DT], intrinsic [rm] and finite rate [X] of increase of the pest were also computed and discussed. Based on the obtained data, temperatures of 22°+/-2 and 26+/-2°C were the most suitable temperatures for the development and multiplication of the oat aphid
RESUMO
Persistent ST -segment elevation shortly after recanalization reflects sustained electrical transmural injury and correlates well with impaired myocardial reperfusion at the tissue level. Measurement of coronary flow reserve [CFR] is the physiological approach to assess the severity of coronary stenosis and microvascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that patients with a rapid normalization of their ST segments and preservation of CFR may have a better microvascular function, as expressed by grade 3.0 myocardial blush. The study included 32 patients with first acute anterior myocardial infarction [AMI], treated with intravenous streptokinase [SK] and proved by coronary angiography [c.angio], done within one week after AMI, to have recanalization with TIMI flow grade 3.0 with or without myocardial blush. A surface ECG was obtained on admission and after reperfusion, 100 +/- 15 minutes after SK infusion. The sum of ST segment elevation in the anterolateral leads was measured in the admission and after reperfusion ECGs and the percentage of recovery was computed. One day after c.angio, coronary blood flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery was noninvasively estimated by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. CFR was calculated by the ratio of the averaged peak systolic/diastolic flow velocity [APV] during dipyridamole infusion to baseline APV. A CFR was regarded as normal, if it is >2.0. The presence of grade 3.0 TIMI myocardial blush was taken as a marker for microvascular integrity, ST resolution was considered if its level is <50% of the initial value .Out, of the 32 patients, 19 [59%] had ST segment resolution [Gl], while 13 [41%] did not [G2].The mean of percentage of ST resolution was 77 +/- l0% in Gl versus 32 +/- 12% in G2, p< 0.001. The mean of CFR was 2.6 +/- 0.7 in patients with ST resolution, compared with 1.5 +/- 0.4 in patients with, persistent ST elevation, p<0.00l. A normal CFR was present in 15 of the 19 [79%] patients with ST resolution, whereas only in 2 of the 13 [15%] with persistent ST elevation [p<0.05]. TMB grade 3.0 was present in all cases with ST resolution and normal CFR, and in no case with ST persistence. TMB grade < 3 was found in 4 cases with ST resolution and abnormal CFRand in 13 patients with ST persistence of whom, 2 with normal and 11 with abnormal CFR .The sensitivity, specifity, positive and negative predictive values of ST resolution were 100%, 76%, 79% and 100% respectively while those of CFR were 100%, 88%, 79%, and 87% respectively for detecting TMB grade 3.0 after recanalization. ST segment resolution nearly parallels normalization of CFR and both indicate microvascular integrity as reflected by grade 3.0 myocardial blush