Comparative evaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of three olive leave species cultivated in Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia

Aim of the work: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of extract from 3 olive leave cultivars; K18, Nibali and Sorani growing in Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia

Methods: all plants were extracted with 80% methanol and the extracts were used to determine the total phenolic content, the total flavonoid content, the DPPH radical and anti-lipid peroxidation scavenging activities. In vivo hepatoprotective effect of these olive leaves extracts [OLEs] was evaluated in rabbit intoxicated with CCl4. Expression of iNOS, caspase-3, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta along with the histopathological findings of the examined liver were recorded to evaluate the extent of hepatoprotective of each extract

Results: methanolic extracts of all plants exhibited DPPH and peroxyl radicals scavenging activity that was well correlated with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The phenolic, flavonoid contents, DPPH, and peroxyl scavenging activities were in the following orders: Nibali? K18 ? Sorani. Pretreatment with OLE [400 mg/kg] along with CCl4 was significantly alleviated liver damage as indicated by improvement of the microscopic picture of liver and reduced hepatic iNOS, caspase-3, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression compared to CCl4 intoxicated group. However, the hepatoprotective effects of Nibali and K18 OLEs were more prominent compared to those exerted by Sorani OLE

Conclusion: all OLEs had potent anti-inflammatory; antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities that preserved hepatic cells against CCl4-induced hepatic damage through attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways, however, these activities were probably species dependent

Cost analysis of tuberculosis directly observed treatment strategy at chest dispensaries in Egypt

Background: The study aimed to help the National Tuberculosis Control Program in promotion of DOTS strategy in Egypt. The specific objectives were to calculate the annual costs per TB case treated and TB case cured at the chest dispensary service delivery mode

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in El-Dakahlia governorate at 5 chest dispensaries and the crosssectional analytic research design was utilized to investigate the current research issue. As a prerequisite for the proper research design a survey of literature has been carried out and covered the various methodological approaches of epidemiological and health economics investigations. Also, an exploratory study was carried out during the research-planning phase. Four different types of data collection instruments were used [Clients' Flow, Capital, Recurrent, and Outcome Questionnaires] to collect the required data

Results: Analysis of data revealed that the annual costs per treated TB case and cured TB case were LE 157 +/- 150 and 198 +/- 190 respectively

Conclusion: The study concluded that the implementation of DOTS strategy required more resources than the routinely managed chest cases at the studied units. Recurrent cost was the most important element in the calculation of the final cost per outcome ratios especially those of drugs and chemicals followed by the annualized capital and personnel costs. We recommended the decision makers to conduct more studies at the different geographical areas and service delivery modes to get the full picture of DOTS strategy implementation in Egypt for future development and improvement

"Cost analysis of tuberculosis directly observed treatment strategy at chest dispensaries in El-Dakahlia governorate, Egypt"

The study aimed to help the National Tuberculosis Control Program in promotion of DOTS strategy in Egypt. The specific objectives were to calculate the annual costs per TB case treated and TB case cured at the chest dispensary service delivery mode. The study was conducted in El-Dakahlia governorate at 5 chest dispensaries and the cross-sectional analytic research design was utilized to investigate the current rearch issue. As a prerequisite for the proper resarch design a survey of literature has been carried out and covered the various methodological approaches of epidemiological and health economics investigations. Also, an exploratory study was carried out during the research planning phase. Four different types of data collection instruments were used [Client's Flow, Capital, Recurrent and Outcome Questionnaires] to collect the required data. Analysis of data revealed that the annual costs per treated TB case and cured TB case were LE 157 +/- 150 and 198 +/- 190 respectively. The study concluded that the implemention of DOTS strategy required more resources than the routinely managed chest cases at the studied units. Recurrent cost was the most important element in the calculation of final cost per outcome ratios especially those of drugs and chemicals followed by the annualized capital and personnel costs. We recommended the decision makers to condduct more studies at the different geographical areas and service delivery modes to get the full picture of DOTS strategy implementation in Egypt for future development and improvement

Cardiopulmonary and polysomnographic changes in patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea undergoing conventional and laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty

To evaluate cardiovascular and polysomnographic changes after conventional and laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty. Prospective study. Chest department, Otolaryngology. department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. Twenty Snorer patients with or without sleep apnea were included. Pre and post operative study was done after operation and 3 months later of pulmonary functions, echocardiography, and polysomnography. Pulmonary function tests and echocardioaphy did not change Apnea/ hyponea index and desaturation index improved significantly after surgery and after follow up in all groups of patients

Metastatic involvement of draining paratracheal lymph nodes in hypopharyngeal carcinoma: a clinicopathological study

Histological evidence of metastatic involvement of paratracheal lymph nodes in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and its clinicopathological implications were studied. Twenty-five patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma underwent total laryngopharyngo-oesophagectomy with complete paratracheal clearance. The incidence of positive paratracheal lymph nodes was 40% in hypopharyngeal tumours. Postcricoid lesions showed a higher percentage of positive nodes [50%] compared to those in posterior wall lesions [16.67%]. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of positive paratracheal lymph nodes with thyroid gland invasion, vocal cord invasion, metastasis to the internal jugular chain of the deep cervical nodes and extracapsular and perineural spread