Efficacy of Essential Trace Elements Supplementation on Mineral Composition, Sperm Characteristics, Antioxidant Status, and Genotoxicity in Testis of Tebuconazole-treated Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This research was performed to evaluate the effect of tebuconazole (TBZ) on reproductive organs of male rats and to assess the protective role of combined essential trace elements in alleviating the detrimental effect of TBZ on male reproductive function.@*Methods@#For this purpose, 48 rats were exposed to 100 mg/kg TBZ, TBZ supplemented with zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe), TBZ + (Se + Zn); TBZ + Cu; or TBZ + Fe. The experiment was conducted for 30 consecutive days.@*Results@#TBZ caused a significant perturbation in mineral levels and reduction in reproductive organs weights, plasma testosterone level, and testicular antioxidant enzyme activities. The TBZ-treated group also showed a significant increase in sperm abnormalities (count, motility, and viability percent), plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and severe DNA degradation in comparison with the controls. Histopathologically, TBZ caused testis impairments. Conversely, treatment with trace elements, in combination or alone, improved the reproductive organ weights, sperm characteristics, TBZ-induced toxicity, and histopathological modifications in testis.@*Conclusion@#TBZ exerts significant harmful effects on male reproductive system. The concurrent administration of trace elements reduces testis dysfunction, fertility, and toxicity induced by TBZ.

Potassium Bromate-induced Changes in the Adult Mouse Cerebellum Are Ameliorated by Vanillin / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of vanillin on behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), an environmental pollutant, in the cerebellum of adult mice.@*METHODS@#The animals were divided into four groups: group 1 served as a control, group 2 received KBrO3, group 3 received KBrO3 and vanillin, and group 4 received only vanillin. We then measured behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and molecular and histological changes in the cerebellum.@*RESULTS@#We observed significant behavioral changes in KBrO3-exposed mice. When investigating redox homeostasis in the cerebellum, we found that mice treated with KBrO3 had increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the cerebellum. These effects were accompanied by decreased Na+-K+ and Mg2+ ATPase activity and antioxidant enzyme gene expression when compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in cytokine gene expression in KBrO3-treated mice. Microscopy revealed that KBrO3 intoxication resulted in numerous degenerative changes in the cerebellum that were substantially ameliorated by vanillin supplementation. Co-administration of vanillin blocked the biochemical and molecular anomalies induced by KBrO3.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results demonstrate that vanillin is a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

[ role of neutrophils in the formation of peritoneal adhesion]

The use of antibiotics during peritonitis appears to decrease the formation of postoperative intra peritoneal adhesions and reduce their severity. The effect of this antibiotic is still controversial. To study the relationship between the decrease postoperative adhesions induced by rifamycin, and the number of neutrophils and the number of intraperitoneal bacteria. This is an experimental prospective, randomized single blind study performed on adult male rats. The product used for the peritoneal lavage was rifamycin s. The animals were randomized into three groups: Group S: intra peritoneal lavage with saline to 9%, R25 Group: intra peritoneal lavage with rifamycin at a dose of 25 mg / kg group and 12.5 R: intra peritoneal lavage with rifamycin at a dose of 12.5 mg / kg. Adhesions score was evaluated according to Zulkhé by the same operator. The adhesion score was significantly lower between groups S and R12.5 [p = 0.000] and group S and group R25 [P = 0.01]. However, the difference was not significant between the two groups R 25 and R12.5 compared to S group [p = 0.655]. The number of bacteria between the time of caecal resection [before peritoneal lavage] and the time of death or sacrifice was significantly decreased significantly in the groups R25, comparing the group S [p = 0.003]. However, there is no significant difference between groups S and R12, 5 [p = 0.106]. The number of neutrophils between the time of cecal resection [before peritoneal lavage] and the time of death or sacrifice decreased significantly in the groups R25 and R12, 5 in comparison to the group S. Between the group R25 and the S group, the difference is significant [p = 0.037] as well between the group R12, 5 and S [p = 0.026]. However, there is no significant difference between the two groups R 25 and R12, 5 [p = 0.712]. The action of rifamycin sodium on neutrophils seems to be independent of its antibacterial action. These findings deserve to be explored at the end to clarify the mechanism of neutropenia by intra peritoneal washing with rifamycin and the relationship between neutropenia and post-operative adhesions

Effects of morning caffeine' ingestion on mood states, simple reaction time, and short-term maximal performance on elite judoists

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ergogenic effect of caffeine ingestion on mood state, simple reaction time, and muscle power during the Wingate test recorded in the morning on elite Judoists. Twelve elite judoists [age: 21.08 +/- 1.16 years, body mass: 83.75 +/- 20.2 kg, height: 1.76 +/- 6.57 m] participated in this study. Mood states, simple reaction time, and muscle power during the Wingate test were measured during two test sessions at 07:00 h and after placebo or caffeine ingestion [i.e. 5 mg/kg]. Plasma concentrations of caffeine were measured before [T0] and 1-h after caffeine' ingestion [T1] and after the Wingate test [T3]. Our results revealed an increase of the anxiety and the vigor [P<0.01], a reduction of the simple reaction time [P<0.001] and an improvement of the peak and mean powers during the Wingate test. However, the fatigue index during this test was unaffected by the caffeine ingestion. In addition, plasma concentration of caffeine was significantly higher at T1 in comparison with T0. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that morning caffeine ingestion has ergogenic properties with the potential to benefit performance, increase anxiety and vigor, and decrease the simple reaction time

Dimethoate induced oxidative damage and histopathological changes in lung of adult rats: modulatory effects of selenium and/or vitamin E / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the efficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E to alleviate lung oxidative damage induced by dimethoate, an organophosphorus compound.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult Wistar rats were exposed during 30 days either to dimethoate (0.2 g/L of drinking water), dimethoate+selenium (0.5 mg/kg of diet), dimethoate+vitamin E (100 mg/kg of diet), or dimethoate+selenium+vitamin E.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Exposure to dimethoate caused oxidative stress in lung evidenced by an increase of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl groups and advanced oxidation protein products. An increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, glutathione, non-protein thiols and vitamins C levels were observed. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were noted as emphysema, hemorrhages and hemosiderin deposits. Co-administration of selenium or vitamin E to the diet of dimethoate treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters as well as histological impairments. The joint effect of these elements was more powerful in antagonizing dimethoate-induced lung oxidative damage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We concluded that selenium and vitamin E ameliorated the toxic effects of this pesticide in lung tissue suggesting their role as potential antioxidants.</p>

Effects of Ramadan fasting on biochemical and anthropometric parameters in physically active men

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Ramadan fasting on several biochemical and anthropometric parameters in physically active men by comparing fasters and nonfasters before, during, and after Ramadan. Eighteen physically active men [10 fasters and 8 nonfasters] participated in this study. Subjects visited the laboratory for a total of four sessions on the following occasions: three days before Ramadan [Bef-R], the 15th day of Ramadan [Mid-R], the 29th day of Ramadan [End-R], and 21 days after Ramadan [Post-R]. During each session, subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, completed a dietary questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample. Body weight and body fat percentage decreased in fasters by 1.9% [P<0.001] and 6.2% [P=0.003], respectively, but increased in nonfasters by 2.2% [P<0.001] and 10.2% [P=0.001], respectively, from Bef-R to End-R. Fasters' hematocrit and hemoglobin increased by 5.3% [P<0.001] and 6.3% [P=0.01], respectively, from Bef-R to End-R, while neither of these parameters changed in nonfasters. Fasters experienced an increase in the following parameters from Bef-R to End-R: urea [8.7%; P<0.001], creatinine [7.5%; P<0.001], uric acid [12.7%; P<0.001], serum sodium [1.9%; P<0.001], serum chloride [2.6%; P<0.001] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [27.3%; P<0.001]. Of these parameters, only creatinine increased [4.4%; P=0.01] in nonfasters. We conclude that Ramadan fasting lowers body weight and body fat percentage and can elevate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in physically active men. However, practicing aerobic exercise during a hot and humid Ramadan month can induce a state of dehydration marked by an increase in some renal function markers and serum electrolytes

Effect of Ramadan fasting on body water status markers after a rugby sevens match

To evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on body water status markers of rugby players at basal condition and following a simulation of rugby sevens match. Twelve recreational rugby sevens players played three matches: one day before Ramadan [before Ramadan], at the end of the first week of Ramadan [Beg-R] and at the end of Ramadan [End-R]. Before and immediately after each match, body weight was determined and blood samples were taken for the measurement of body water status markers. Total body water was measured with an impedancemeter only before matches. At rest, an increase in hematocrit [+4.4%, P=0.03], hemoglobin [+3.4%, P=0.01] and plasma osmolarity [+2.8%, P<0.001] was noticed at End-R compared to before Ramadan. Total body water measured before Ramadan did not differ significantly from that of Ramadan. After the match, values of hematocrit and plasma osmolarity increased significantly at End-R [+1.4%, P=0.02;+3.1%, P<0.001 respectively] compared to before Ramadan. Although, hemoglobin measured after matches occurring during Ramadan did not differ from those of before Ramadan. In response to matches, the change of percentage of body water status markers did not differ during each period of the investigation. The present results show that Ramadan fasting induces dehydration at basal conditions. Also, rugby sevens match played during Ramadan did not exacerbate the magnitude of responses to matches of blood and body water status markers