RESUMO
Schistosoma hematobium was reported as a cause of eosinophiluria. In this study, evaluation of the relationship between eosinophiluria using Hansel's strain and urinary morbidity as detected by ultrasound in 75 patients with active S. hematobium infection. The control group included 91 subjects [20 normal, 20 had blood eosinophilia due to causes other than schistosomiasis and 51 had different renal diseases]. All patients received a single dose of praziquantel 40 mg/kg and were followed up after one and three months. The frequency of eosinophiluria was significantly more in patients with active S. hematobium than those with renal disease [46.7%], 12%. Eosinophiluria was not present in either normal controls or patients with eosinophilia due to causes other than S. hematobium. There was a significant positive correlation between the log of ova count and the eosinophil count in both urine and blood. However, there was no relation between either eosinophiluria or eosinophilia and urinary bladder or renal morbidity changes. The sensitivity of eosinophiluria as an indirect index for suggestion of S. Hematobium infection was 33%, the specificity was 93.8%, the positive predictive value was 88.6% and the negative predictive value was 49.2%