RESUMO
@#AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of penetrating keratoplasty(PK)and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)in the treatment of stromal corneal dystrophy.<p>METHODS: A systematic review and Meta-analysis was conducted for studies comparing visual acuity \〖best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)(LogMAR)\〗 and corneal endothelial cell count(ECC)as well as safety outcomes of DALK and PK surgeries, including graft-related outcomes and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible studies until June 2019. Continuous and dichotomous variables were expressed as weighted mean difference(WMD)and risk ratios(RRs), respectively, along with their respective 95% confidence intervals(CIs).<p>RESULTS: Five comparative studies recruiting 350 patients with macular and/or lattice corneal dystrophy(59.71% males)were eventually included. No significant differences were noted in the mean BCVA after both types of surgeries. However, following DALK procedures, corneal ECC was significantly higher two years postoperatively(WMD=401.62 cell/mm2, 95% <i>CI</i>: 285.39-517.85, <i>P</i><0.001), and graft and endothelial rejection rates were significantly lower(<i>RR</i>=0.30, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.14-0.64, <i>P</i>=0.002; <i>RR</i>=0.09, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.02-0.46, <i>P</i>=0.004, respectively)when compared to patients undergoing PK procedures. However, DALK procedures were associated with increased risks of intraoperative Descemet's membrane perforations and postoperative double anterior chamber(All <i>P</i><0.001).<p>CONCLUSION: DALK procedures are relatively more efficacious over the follow up periods with better safety outcomes than PK in patients with stromal CDs, conerning rejection and better visual outcome.
RESUMO
Aim of the study: To assess the effects of vaginally administered isosorbide mononitrate [a nitric oxide donor, effox tablets 40 mg] on maternal and fetal hemodynamics and the ripening of the cervix. Study design: We conducted a randomized controlled study: two matched groups were recruited as regards. Parity, bishop score, gestational age. Women that were recruited for induction of labor, were randomly selected to receive vaginally administered isosorbide mononitrate 40 mg [n=40] one tablet [study group]or to undergo vaginal examination only [n=40] [control group]Maternal pulse, blood pressure and fetal heart rate were recorded at 0 base line, every 30 minutes till 6 hours. Umbilical artery resistance index and pulsatility index measurements were performed at 0,3 and after 6 hours. Cervical Bishop scores were measured at 0 base line and at the end of the treatment program period [6 hours from the application of isosorbide mononitrate] Maternal pulse rates were increased after the administration of isosorbide mononitrate, 40 mg, compared to the pulse rates in the vaginal examination only group. [greater difference in means, 16 beets per minute, P<0.01]. Maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressures were decreased in the study group than in the control group [greatest difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 15 and 16 mml Hg respectively, with a P<0.001]. Fetal heart rate was increased in the study group, than in the control group, with a difference in mean, 19 beats/minute with a P<0.05. No women required treatment for hypotension or for maternal and fetal tachycardia except for headache, which needs mild analgesics to be relieved. The forty mg dose of isosorbide mononitrate had no significant effect on umbilical artery resistance or pulsatility index. Changes in the Bishop score, was more marked in the 40mg isosorbide mononitrate group than in the control group and the difference was statistically significant P<0.05. Conclusions: Vaginal administration of 40 mg isosorbide mononitrate to pregnant women at term has a safe effect on both maternal and fetal hemodynamics. Thus nitric oxide donors are suitable agents for preinduction cervical ripening at term, and can be used as outpatient method with no need for fetal monitoring, being a uterine relaxing agent