RESUMO
Background: Human papillomaviruses [HPVs] are the most common viruses which can be sexually transmitted. They can cause different malignancies in asymptomatic women. The association of HPVs with infertility among men and women is controversial. In the current study, the authors compared the frequency of HPVs in fertile and infertile women in the city of Mashhad
Materials and Methods: In the present case-control study, cervical and vaginal smears were collected from infertile and fertile women. HPVs were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Data was analyzed by SPSS v.20 and P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: In the current study, 115 infertile women with the mean age of 30.5 +/- 5.6 years and 60 fertile women with the mean age of 32.6 +/- 9.3 years were included [p=0.07]. Among women who were infertile [cases], 121 [52.6%] of 230 smears were positive, while in control group [who were fertile], 50 [41.7%] of 120 smears were positive [p=0.052]
Conclusion: Frequency of HPV in both groups was high, which could be due to lack of routine HPV vaccination. HPV can cause placenta abnormality, our infertile women had multiple abortion history and history of abortion had significant differences among infertile and control group. The frequency of HPV had no significant differences between the infertile and control groups
RESUMO
Periodontal disease with alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss is common in rheumatoid arthritis [RA]. RA subjects show inadequate plaque control due to physical disability as well as compromised immune response, both of which might result in a greater predisposition to periodontal disease in these subjects than in the normal population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal disease among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Periodontal status [plaque index, papillary bleeding index, and missing teeth] was examined in 70 individuals including 35 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and 35 healthy individuals as control group. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and student /-test Patients with rheumatoid arthritis included 31 females [88.6%] and 4 males [11.4%] with a mean age of 45 years. Healthy control group included 26 females [74.3%] and 9 males [25.7%] with a mean age of 37 years. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed significant increases in Plaque index [P=0.0001], papillary bleeding index [P=0.002], and number of missing teeth [P=0.03] compared to the healthy control group. Three patients also had secondary Sjogren's syndrome. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a greater level of periodontal disorders compared to control group. In addition to the effects of this chronic inflammatory disease and immune host deficiened, this could be attributed to physical disability in maintaining oral health and gingival effects of and rheumatic medications