Value of high-frequency ultrasonography in diagnosis of proximal radial nerve injuries associated with humeral shaft fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and application value of high-frequency ultrasonography in proximal radial nerve injuries associated with humeral shaft fractures.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed for 19 patients with proximal radial nerve injuries associated with humeral shaft fractures treated in Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from August 2014 to September 2020. The were 17 males and 2 were females，with the age range of 16-55 years ［（38.1±12.7）years］. Of all，11 patients were injured at the left side and 8 at the right side. All the patients had histories of traumatic humeral shaft fracture and were treated in other hospitals，including internal fixation in 17 patients，external fixation in 1 and internal fixation combined with external fixation in 1. All patients underwent radial nerve exploration surgeries，among which 8 had high-level radial nerve release and 11 had high-level radial nerve suture or graft transplantation. All patients underwent high-frequency ultrasound examination before surgery. The ultrasonographic characteristics of the radial nerve were recorded，including the continuity of the epineurium，honey-comb structure on the transversal section，neuromas on the longitudinal section and external scar or callus or metal fixation compressing the nerve. The injury type and neural continuity of each radial nerve were evaluated. The radial nerves of type Ⅰ，type Ⅱ，type Ⅲa ，type Ⅲa ，type Ⅲb and type Ⅳ appeared as normal，swelling，short-segment compressed，neuroma-like and ruptured，respectively. Taking the intraoperative findings as the gold standard，the diagnostic coincidence rate，sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value and negative predictive of high-frequency ultrasound were analyzed in diagnosis of proximal radial nerve injuries associated with humeral shaft fractures.Results:According to ultrasonographic characteristics，proximal radial nerve injuries were classified into 4 types in 5 subtypes. It was confirmed by surgeries that there were 1 patient with type Ⅱ，4 with type Ⅲa，1 with type Ⅲb and 13 with type Ⅳ，with no type Ⅰ. The diagnostic coincidence rate of high-frequency ultrasound was 89%. The diagnostic coincidence rate of type Ⅱ，type Ⅲa，type Ⅲa，type Ⅲb and type Ⅳ was 100%，100%，100% and 85%，respectively. The sensitivity of high-frequency ultrasound for evaluating the neural continuity was 75%，the specificity was 100%，the positive predictive value was 100%，the negative predictive value was 85%.Conclusions:The high-frequency ultrasound has a relatively high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of proximal radial nerve injuries associated with humeral shaft fractures，which can provide relatively accurate morphological information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Pharmacokinetic study of gallocatechin-7-gallate from Pithecellobium clypearia Benth. in rats

The pharmacokinetic profile of gallocatechin-7-gallate (J10688) was studied in rats after intravenous administration. Male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg (i.v.) of J10688 and plasma drug concentrations were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The pharmacokinetic software Data Analysis System (Version 3.0) was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. For different i.v. doses of J10688, the mean peak plasma concentration (C 0) values ranged from 11.26 to 50.82 mg/L, and mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t ) values ranged from 1.75 to 11.80 (mg·h/L). J10688 lacked dose-dependent pharmacokinetic properties within doses between 1 and 10 mg/kg, based on the power model. The method developed in this study was sensitive, precise, and stable. The pharmacokinetic properties of J10688 in SD rats were shown to have rapid distribution and clearance values. These pharmacokinetic results may contribute to an improved understanding of the pharmacological actions of J10688.

Development of HTS model on SERT inhibitors combined biological screening model with HTVS / 药学学报

In order to improve the efficiency of drug screening on serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors, a high-throughput screening (HTS) model is established in RBL-2H3 cells. The RBL-2H3 cells are very similar to the serotonin genetic neuro, in modulation of post-receptor mechanisms and transduction pathway of SERT reactivated. Depending on a fluorescence substrate ASP+ used in detection method of inhibitor rates, it's convenient, quick, accurate and effective, not making the environmental biohazard compared with radioactive experiments. Furthermore, biological screening model combined with computer aided virtual screening technique describing high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS). Bayesian classification method and molecular fingerprint similarity were applied to virtual screening technique, for screening compounds in compound library. Some compounds have been found, and then validated further by biological screening model. Combination of HTS and HTVS improves the efficiency of screening SERT inhibitors.

Research advance in the drug target prediction based on chemoinformatics / 药学学报

The emerging of network pharmacology and polypharmacology forces the scientists to recognize and explore new mechanisms of existing drugs. The drug target prediction can play a key significance on the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of drugs and drug reposition. In this paper, we systematically review the existing approaches to the prediction of biological targets of small molecule based on chemoinformatics, including ligand-based prediction, receptor-based prediction and data mining-based prediction. We also depict the strength of these methods as well as their applications, and put forward their developing direction.

A study on the standard of influenza neuraminidase inhibition assay / 药学学报

In present study, standard method and standard operation practice for measuring the activities of influenza neuraminidase and its inhibitors have been established. The accuracy and stability of the method has been evaluated. Standard operation is as following: 10 microL sample, 30 microL neuraminidase and 60 microL substrate are added to one well of a 96-well plate, and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h. The reaction was stopped with NaOH before fluorescence intensity determination. One unit of neuraminidase is defined as the amount of enzyme that produces 1 nmol 4-MU in 1 h under above conditions. The inhibition accuracy is indicated by an uncertainty measurement of 6.51 x 10(-12), and its stability was reaffirmed by determination of oseltamivir acid. In this study, systematic assessment of neuraminidase inhibitory assay not only provided theoretical basis of its application in drug discovery, but also made preliminary attempt to use uncertainty measurement as a parameter in biological measurement.

Evaluation of Chinese traditional patent medicines against influenza virus in vitro / 药学学报

To study in vitro anti-influenza viral activities of Chinese traditional patent medicines for influenza prevention and treatment, neuraminidase (NA) activity assay was used to examine NA inhibitory activity of 33 Chinese traditional patent medicines through fluorimetric assay, and influenza virus induced cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay was used to verify their anti-influenza viral activities in vitro. The assay results showed that most liquid preparations displayed relatively high NA inhibitory activities, such as Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, Qingkailing oral liquid, Qingre Jiedu oral liquid, and Reduning injection. Among liquid preparations, Shuanghuanglian oral liquid not only displayed the highest NA inhibitory effect, but also exhibited obvious in vitro anti-viral activity in CPE experiment. Among solid preparations, Shuanghuanglian powder for injection showed the highest activity on NA inhibition, and Fufang Yuxingcao tablet showed relatively strong anti-influenza viral activity in CPE cells. From the results, it can be concluded that most Chinese traditional patent medicines possessed NA inhibitory activity, but only a few of them displayed significant in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. These results will provide important information for the isolation of active constituents, and for the clinical uses of Chinese traditional patent medicines for influenza treatment and prevention.

Network pharmacology: new guidelines for drug discovery / 药学学报

The development of new drug is not only the main driving force for the development of pharmaceutical industry, but also plays a very important role in the social development. However, with the increasing demands, new drug development is facing great difficulties in recent years. The hypothesis of highly selective single-target is meeting the challenges because of its limitations. Network pharmacology has been one of the new strategies for new drug discovery based on single-target drug research in recent years. This paper focused on the basis of network pharmacology and its research progress, discussed its development direction and application prospects, and analyzed its limitations and problems as well. The application of network pharmacology in new drug development is discussed by comparing its guidelines with those of traditional Chinese medicine theory and Effective Components Group hypothesis of Chinese medicines.

Prevention on the side effects of erythromycin lactobionate via intervenous drop infusion for the gastrointestinal tract in children / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM:To observe the preventive effects of aluminum phosphate gel and smectite powder on the side effects of erythromycin lactobionate via intervenous drop infusion for the gastrointestinal tract in children.METHODS:249 cases children with mycoplasmal pneumonia were randomly divided into three groups,aluminum phosphate gel group,smectite powder group and control group,83 cases in each group.The side effects of erythromycin lactobionate(abdominal pain,diarrhea,sicchasia,disgorging)for the gastrointestinal tract among three groups were observed.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the incidence rate of side effects was much lower in aluminum phosphate gel group and smectite powder group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Aluminum phosphate gel and smectite powder significantly decrease the side effects of erythromycin lactobionate for the gastrointestinal tract in children,and especially the former,can be widely applied in pediatric clinic.

Study on DNA Damage Induced by Chlorinated By-Product MX in Drinking Water / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study DNA damage induced by chlorinated drinking water by-product MX.Methods Hu-man hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2cells was selected as target cells to test the DNA damage induced by MX using single cell gel electrophoresis assay.In this study,the cells were treated with MX at final concentrations of10,30,100and300?mol/L.DMSO and hydrogen peroxide were administered as solvent control and positive control respectively.Results MX induced DNA single strand breaks at the concentrations of30,100and300?mol/L.The length of DNA migration induced by MX increased significantly in comparison with the solvent control(DMSO)in a dose-response manner.Conclusions Chlorinated by-product MX in drinking water could induce obvious DNA damage to human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2cells.