RESUMO
Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that damages brain tissue due to blockage or rupture of blood vessels, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Diagnosing, monitoring stroke and the treatment effects all rely on neuroimaging that detects changes in the brain. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a novel neuroimaging technique which is based on the non-invasively measuring of concentration changes of oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin. This review summarizes the underlying mechanisms of NIRS and its current clinical application in stroke, as well as the limitations of NIRS in broader clinical applications.
RESUMO
Objective To explore the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and NO2, and their effects on acute cerebrovascular diseases in Jining City. Methods The data of patients with acute cerebrovascular disease treated in a 3A hospital in Jining from October 1, 2017, to November 31, 2019, were retrospectively collected. Combined with the air pollution data of 29 air quality monitoring stations in Jining City, the Kriging interpolation model was used to analyze the overall situation of air pollution in Jining. On this basis, the relationship between air pollution and acute cerebrovascular diseases in Jining City was analyzed. Results In Jining City, the incidence of acute cerebrovascular disease in male was higher than that in female, and the incidence in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas. The spatial distribution showed a trend of gradual accumulation from southeast to northwest. The daily average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The results of Kriging interpolation analysis showed that the concentrations of these air pollutants formed aggregation points in varying degrees. The spatial distribution of acute cerebrovascular disease patients in Jining City was highly consistent with the spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations. Spearman correlation analysis showed that CO, SO2, and NO2 were positively correlated with the incidence of acute cerebrovascular disease, while the correlation between PM2.5 and PM10 and the incidence of acute cerebrovascular disease was not significant. Conclusion Some air pollutants such as CO, SO2, and NO2 have a positive correlation with the incidence of acute cerebrovascular disease, and the prevalence has a certain population and regional distribution. In the future work of cerebrovascular disease prevention, personal protection should be done according to local conditions and living environment of specific people.
RESUMO
Objective:To explore the differences of immune reconstitution between peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and umbilical cord blood transplantation.Methods:A total of 300 patients (aged 18 (8, 33), 163 males and 137 females) with malignant hematological diseases who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from January 2018 to March 2020 were enrolled in this study, including 255 cases of umbilical cord blood transplantation and 45 cases of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Multicolor flow cytometry was applied to analyze lymphocyte subsets of the percentages and absolute counts in the two donor types and peripheral blood of patients after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The differences between the two grafts were compared, and the lymphocyte subsets results were evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after transplantation. 18-month disease-free survival (DFS) within the 300 patients under the two transplantation types were retrospectively analyzed.Results:1. The proportion of NKT cells in peripheral blood group was significantly higher than that in cord blood group (2.79% vs 0.24%, P<0.001). 2. The proportion of helper T cells in the UCBT group was higher than that in the PBSCT group, as well as the counts 6 months after transplantation ( P<0.05). 3. The proportion of NK1 cells (3 rd to 9 th month) and count (4 th to 12 th month) in UCBT group were significantly higher than those in PBSCT group ( P<0.05). 4. NKT cells in the UCBT group were lower than those in the PBSCT group (proportion and count) throughout the monitoring process ( P≤0.001). 5. The proportion of DNT cells (within 1 year) and count (within 6 months) in the UCBT group were significantly lower than those in the PBSCT group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the peripheral blood stem cell transplantation group, the umbilical cord blood transplantation patients had a faster rate of lymphocyte reconstitution, and patients received umbilical cord blood transplantation had a stronger ability of immune reconstitution and could achieve long-term hematopoiesis.
RESUMO
Objective To detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)and its resistance against rifampin (RIF ) by applying Xpert MTB/RIF assay in the clinical samples from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis,and to discuss the value of this assay in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Totally 300 clinical samples from the patients who were highly suspected with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and hospitalized in Department of Tuberculosis Section,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center of Fudan University from May 2014 to May 2015 were collected.Smear and fluorescence staining microscopy,MGIT 960 BACTEC liquid culture,Xpert MTB/RIF assay were applied to detect MTB in these samples.Meanwhile,all the patients received the peripheral blood T-cell spot of tuberculosis test (T-SPOT.TB).The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB and its resistance against rifampin (RIF)in extrapulmonary tuberculosis samples were evaluated.The measurement data of two independent samples were analyzed by using t test and enumeration data were analyzed by usingχ2 test.Results Totally 282 out of 300 clinical samples from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were included in this study,and 62.7% were male with average age of (32.1 ±24.6 )years and 37.3%were female with average age of (37.8 ±21 .0)years.When MGIT 960 BACTEC liquid culture results were considered as standard diagnosis,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay were 53.8% (95 %CI :37.4%—69.6%),100.0% (95 %CI :86.3%—100.0%),100.0% (95 %CI :80.8%—100.0%)and 63.3% (95 %CI :48.3%—76.2%), respectively.The sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in smear-positive/culture-positive samples was 92.3% (95 %CI :62.1 %— 99.6%),while that in smear-negative/culture-positive samples was only 34.6% (95 %CI :17.9%— 55 .6%).Xpert MTB/RIF assay had advantage for detecting MTB in fine needle aspirates,pus,stool and urine,but not in serous effusion and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the sensitivities of MGIT BACTEC 960 liquid culture,fluorescence smear and T-SPOT.TB were 25 .8%, 21 .8% and 70.2%,respectively,and the specificities were 95 .5 %,90.3% and 51 .6%,respectively. The diagnostic value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was not significantly different from those of MGIT BACTEC 960 liquid culture and fluorescence smear (χ2 =0.61 and 3.45 ,respectively;both P >0.05 ), while it was significantly different from T-SPOT.TB (χ2 =50.58,P <0.05).The sensitivity of T-SPOT. TB was significantly superior to Xpert MTB/RIF assay,but the specificity was relatively low.The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in RIF resistance detection were 71 .4% (95 %CI :30.3%—94.9%)and 100.0% (95 %CI :86.7%—100.0%),respectively.Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in detecting MTB in fine needle aspirates,pus,stool and urine are relatively high,but not in serous effusion and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the pros of rapid detection and the ability of detecting RIF resistance are useful for the diagnose of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in clinical settings.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on mesenteric artery in SD rats and to observe whether the effect of propofol on the mesenteric artery relaxation is related to the gap. Methods Pressure myograph was used to examine the effect of 18β-GA and 2-APB on the relaxation induced by propofol 1×10 -7 ,3×10 -7 ,1×10 -6 ,3×10 -6 ,1 ×10 -5 ,3 ×10 -5 ,1 ×10 -4 and 3 ×10 -4 mol/L in acutely separated mesenteric arterioles of SD rat.Results The diameter of mesenteric arteri-oles were increased from (208.6±13.4)to (213.5±13.6),(21 9.7±13.2),(226.4±12.5),(234.9 ±12.3),(245.5±13.0),(267.4±1 5.2),(336.2±18.3)and (385.9 ±14.2)μm after application of 1×10 -7 ,3×10 -7 ,1 × 10 -6 ,3 × 10 -6 ,1 × 10 -5 ,3 × 10 -5 ,1 × 10 -4 and 3 × 10 -4 mol/L propofol,re-spectively.Propofol induced dilation of the rat mesenteric arterioles in a concentration-dependent man-ner (P < 0.01 ).After pretreatment with 18β-GA and 2-APB,1 × 10 -4 mol/L propofol induced dilation was absolutely decreased (P <0.01).Conclusion These results suggest that propofol relaxes mesenteric arterioles via gap junction.
RESUMO
Copeptin is a part of the C-terminal pro-arginine vasopressin. It is correlated with the prognosis of various diseases. Recent studies have found that copeptin is a novel,independent prognostic marker for stroke, and it may improve the existing risk stratification scheme of stroke.
RESUMO
Objective To evaluate the proportion and clinical significance of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in childhood acute lymphocyte leukemia(AEL)during different therapeutic stages.Methods 55 peripheral blood samples from 40 children patients with ALL were detected by muhiparameter flow cytometry with fluoresce-hbeled monoclonal antibody.Results Treg cells phenotypically express not only CD62L but also FoxP3 protein.In patients with ALL standard-risk the proportion of CD4+CD25Hi was(1.04±0.33)% in the first course of induction treatment, (1.60±0.44)% in maintenance treatment groups, and(1.29±0.30)% in complete remission groups respectively,while in patients with ALL the intermediate and high risk during maintenance therapy was(2.24±0.75)%.Conclusion Compared with healthy children,the proportion of Treg ceHs in ALL is significantly higher,and may be related to the effect of chemical treatment and severity of ALL.The elevated proportion of Treg may contribute to disease relapse.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the relationship between CD4+CD25+ regulatory T(T-Reg)ceils and the higher prevalence of tumor in elderly people. Methods The frequencies of T-Reg in peripheral blood from 64 health adults.52 healthy elderly people and 64 elderly cancer patients were determined by multi-color detection and multi-parameter flow cytometry.and the relationships among the 3 groups were analyzed and the correlation among CD4+CD25high,CD4+CD25+FoxP3+and CD4+CD25+CD127low were studied. Results Be gated on CD4+ lymphocytes,the reference ranges of CD4+CD25high T cells in the groups of health adults.healthy elderly people and elderly cancer patients were(1.390±0.412)%,(1.729±0.247)%and(2.150±O.769)%respectively,while CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells were(1.1 80±0.343)%,(2.477±0.400)%and (4.980±2.177)%respectively,and CD4+CD25+CD127low T cells were(5.213±0.942)%,(6.186±1.196)%and(7.194±1.538)%respectively.There was the same change rule in CD4+CD25high,CD4+CD25+FoxP3+and CD4+CD25+CD127low T cells of the 3 groups.elderly cancer patients was at the highest.then was healthy elderly people,and the last was health adults.The 3 markers were positively correlated among 3 groups(all P＜0.05).There were gender difference in 3 groups of CD4+CD25high,CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25+CD127low T cells. Conclusions The percentages of CD4+CD25high are increased with age and its excessive accumulation is possibly correlated with immunosenescence and the tumor development.
RESUMO
In view of the lack of systemic analysis for stepless transmission using noncircular gears, two basic noncircular gear units, an addition unit adopting differential mechanism and a multiplication unit applying a fixed gear train, are proposed. Then, the design methods of the noncircular gear pair of each unit, transmission ratio relationship, rotation angle relationship and key parameters with specific physical meanings are studied. The adjusting properties, composing strategy and varying range of transmission ratio etc. are investigated in detail for each unit. Following this, several examples of using a noncircular gear pair in the units and their manipulation technique are introduced.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of volt-ampere characteristics of Yuan-Primary acupoints in women before, during and after menstruation, and to find out the relationships between Qi-blood in human body and volt-ampere characteristics of acupoints, so as to develop a new method for quantitative analysis on changes of Qi-blood. METHODS: A high-sensitive detection system of volt-ampere characteristics of acupoint was applied to detecting the volt-ampere characteristics of Taiyuan (LU 9), Daling (PC 7) and Shenmen (HT 7) in healthy women before, during and after menstruation. RESULTS: The resistances on LU 9, PC 7 and HT 7 with some certain scan currents were quite different among the women before, during and after menstruation. For such changes, PC 7 was of the most obvious change, LU 9 was of the less and HT 7 was of the least. The total ratio of the scanning spots with significantly increasing changes of resistances on these three acupoints along with the menstrual process was 70.6%. CONCLUSION: The volt-ampere characteristics of acupoints vary with the menstrual process, which is of the acupoint specificity. The resistances on the acupoints increase with the menstrual process, and such results may be due to the blood loss during menstruation. The volt-ampere characteristics can be used as a quantitative index to study on the change of Qi and blood.
RESUMO
A catalytic kinetic photometric method for the determination of nitrite with surfactant sensitizer has been developed. The method is based on the catalysis of NO2- to the discoloring reaction of pyronine B oxidized by potassium bromate in the solution of dilute H3PO4. When cetylpyridine bromide was used as a sensitizer of the reaction, the sensitivity increased by 2.5 times approximately. There was linear relationshop of lg(Ao/A) with nitrite in the range 0.005 ～ 0.15 mg/L. The detection limit was 0.004 mg/L. The method was used in the determination of trace nitrite in water and vegetable samples with satisfactory results.
RESUMO
Objective To study the dynamic changes and clinical significance of vascular endothelial grouth factor(VEGF) and Interleukin 1?(IL 1?) in patients with ischemic cerebral vascular disease.Methods Serum VEGF and IL 1? levels were determined by ELISA and balanced radioimmunoassay respectively in 16 patients with TIA and 38 patients with cerebral infarction during different phase (in 24 h,at 3 d,7d and 14 d after the onset of disease),and 30 healthy controls were included.Results It was found that the levels of VEGF in patients with infarction were much higher than those with TIA( P 0.05 ).Conclusion VEGF and IL 1? may take part in the pathological process of ischemic brain damage VEGF may serve as a sensitive monitor to estimate the cerebral ischemic degree and clinical prognosis.
RESUMO
A catalytic spectrophotometric method for determination of trace molybdenum by flow injection analysis has been established, based on the catalytic oxidation of potassium iodide by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of molybedenum (VI) and the iodine produced is coloured with starch. The linear range and detection limit for molybdenum (VI) were 0 to 0.4 ppm and 3.2 ppb. The method has been successfully applied to determine molybdenum in the grain, soil and hair.
RESUMO
A sensitive and rapid flow injection analytical method for the determination of ascorbic acid has been developed, based on the reaction between iodine and ascorbic acid(VC) and the reaction between iodine and starch. The linear range of VC is 0-12ppm. Recoveries of 96-110% can be obtained. The method was applied to the determination of VC in medicines and foods with satisfactory results.