Effect of aerobic exercise with and without quercetin supplementation on rat's knee osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is considered to be one out of ten major causes of disability in the world. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise alone and in combination with quercetin supplementation on male rats' knee osteoarthritis. Thirty male Wistar rats [weight of 173 +/- 1 g, 8-weeks old] were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups [N=6]: intact control, MIA only, training, quercetin, training plus quercetin. The Osteoarthritis model was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate [MIA]. Subjects then followed a moderate-intensity exercise program and quercetin supplementation for 28 days. Rats were killed after 28 days and histological assessment has been performed on their knee joints. One-way ANOVA [p<0.05] and post-hoc Tukey test was used for the statistical analysis. Histological assessment including 1- Depth Ratio of Lesions [p=0.001], 2- Total Degeneration Width [p=0.001] and 3- Significant Degeneration Width [p=0.001] demonstrated a beneficial influence of moderate exercise combined with quercetin supplementation group, but this influence was not superior than the moderate exercise alone group. This study shows that a moderate exercise program and quercetin supplementation, either alone or in combination, exert a beneficial influence on rats' knee osteoarthritis. But it appears that moderate exercise alone has more effectiveness

[Comparison of the effects of chronic administration of morphine and tramadol in infancy on acute pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in prepubertal rats]

It is demonstrated that morphine and tramadol affects seizure but the mode of action of these drugs on seizure has not been compared yet with increasing of age. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of exposure to these drugs on Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in immature rat. Male neonate rats were randomly chosen and divided into three groups namely Saline [n=21], Morphine [n=12] and Tramadol [n=13]. On postnatal days 8-14, Saline group received normal saline and two other groups received morphine and tramadol with additive doses, respectively. On postnatal days 22-28, the saline treated rats divided into three subgroups and received saline [n=8], morphine [n=8] or tramadol [n=5]. Morphine treated rats received saline or morphine [each n=6], and tramadol treated rats received saline [n=7] or tramadol [n=6]. At postnatal day 29, they were evaluated for PTZ-induced seizure. Number of tonic-clonic seizure was increased in all groups compared with control and tramadol+saline groups [P<0.05]. Duration of tonic-clonic seizure was decreased in tramadol+saline group compared with other tramadol groups [P<0.05]. Latency of tonic-clonic seizurewas decreased in tramadol+saline group compared with control rats [P<0.05], But it was increased in saline+tramadol group compared with other groups except to saline group [P<0.05]. Latency of myoclonic contractions in saline+morphine and saline+tramadol groups was lower than in control rats [P<0.05]. Similar age-related changes may occur inchronic exposure to morphine and tramadol in the neonatal period which leads to an increase in severity of seizures in rats on postnatal days 22-28. The effect of morphine and tramadol does not show any significant difference

effect of six weeks-voluntary wheel running on brain amyloid beta [1-42] levels of diabetic rats

Amyloid Beta [1-42] is derived from amyloid precursor protein and plays a critical role in AD pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running on brain Amyloid beta [1-42] in the diabetic rats induced with alloxan. 28 male rats weight 185 +/- 1 were assigned randomly to 4 groups [N=7]: normal control [C], training [T], control-diabetic [CD] and diabetic-training [DT]. Diabetes was induced with injecting Alloxan [120 mg/kg dissolved in saline] intraperitoneal. 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running decreased the cortex A beta [1-42] in T and DT groups. A beta [1-42] levels significantly decreased in the T and DT in compare with C and CD [p<0.001], respectively. Also A beta [1-42] levels significantly increased in the CD in compare with C [p<0.001]. Voluntary exercise had positive effects on decreasing of A beta [1-42] levels during 6 weeks. Therefore it can be recommended as therapeutic strategy for diabetes

[Effect of salvia officinalis L. extract on malondialdehyde against streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in rat's brain]

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between oxidative and the anti-oxidative systems in the living tissues. Oxidative stress in brain causes brain dysfunction, destruction of neurons, and diseases like Alzheimer. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of Salvia officinalis L. against streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in rat's brain. In this experimental study, Wistar rats were divided into control, Sham, and three experimental groups received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis intraperitoneally, respectively. After two weeks, surgical procedure was performed on sham and experimental groups and after one week recovery, streptozotocin was injected intra-cerebroventricularly [ICV-STZ] at 3 mg/kg. Brain hemispheres were collected after fourth week. Finally, malondialdehyde [MDA]] level was measured in brain hemispheres tissues. STZ significantly increased MDA levels compared to the control group [P<0.001], whereas intraperitoneally injection of different doses of Salvia officinalis leaves extract significantly decreased MDA levels [P<0.001]. We concluded that antioxidant effect of Salvia officinalis L. could prevent oxidative stress induced by ICV injection of STZ in the brain of male rat