RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>We conducted an epidemiological study of the relationship between lung cancer incidence and smoking, with special reference to the benefits of smoking cessation for reducing lung cancer incidence, to promote a local smoking control program.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was a retrospective cohort study. The population studied was 16,383 male examinees of lung cancer health examinations in 1995 in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Smoking status from the questionnaire during the health examination was used as the exposure variable. Endpoint (lung cancer incidence) was obtained from the Tottori population-based cancer registry. A multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model was adapted for statistical analysis. The average follow-up period was 4.3 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The hazard ratio of current smokers for the incidence of lung cancer was 4.9, whereas that of ex-smokers was 2.2. The dose-response relationship between lung cancer incidence and lifetime cigarette consumption (pack year) was determined. The ratio increased among younger subjects (under 65 years old). The hazard ratio of ex-smokers decreased with years just after quitting smoking, and reached the level of never smokers after 10-19 years from smoking cessation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We reconfirmed that the magnitude of risk estimates of smoking for lung cancer incidence was similar to those of previous studies, and smoking cessation was effective for reducing lung cancer risk.</p>
RESUMO
Objectives: We conducted an epidemiological study of the relationship between lung cancer incidence and smoking, with special reference to the benefits of smoking cessation for reducing lung cancer incidence, to promote a local smoking control program. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study. The population studied was 16,383 male examinees of lung cancer health examinations in 1995 in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Smoking status from the questionnaire during the health examination was used as the exposure variable. Endpoint (lung cancer incidence) was obtained from the Tottori population-based cancer registry. A multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model was adapted for statistical analysis. The average follow-up period was 4.3 years. Results: The hazard ratio of current smokers for the incidence of lung cancer was 4.9, whereas that of ex-smokers was 2.2. The dose-response relationship between lung cancer incidence and lifetime cigarette consumption (pack year) was determined. The ratio increased among younger subjects (under 65 years old). The hazard ratio of ex-smokers decreased with years just after quitting smoking, and reached the level of never smokers after 10–19 years from smoking cessation. Conclusions: We reconfirmed that the magnitude of risk estimates of smoking for lung cancer incidence was similar to those of previous studies, and smoking cessation was effective for reducing lung cancer risk.
Assuntos
Fumar , AmeaçasRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to establish by way of trial reference interval of serum lipids (TC, HDL-C, TG and LDL-C) for old people aged 65 or over based on the document published by America's National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. For this purpose, we used the results of the mass health screening tests run on a total of 14, 738 residents in Shimane Prefecture. We selected reference sample groups by excluding those examinees who had been undergoing medical treatment, those who had taken their meal less than 12 hours before, habitual drinkers and smokers, and those whose systolic blood pressure was more than 160mmHg, diastolic blood pressure upwards of 95mmHg, obesity level downwards -20% or upwards of +20%.<BR>T-C values peaked in the age group of 50s for men, while for women in the age group of 60s. Regarding HDL-C values, women were generally high compared withmen, but mean values for women in their 60s were significantly low (p<0.01) compared with those for women in their 50s. TG values were higher in men than in women. LDLC levels showed the same tendency as T-C levels.<BR>We compared the mean values of adults aged 64 or below and elders aged 65 or above. In the elders, the mean values for T-C, TG and LDL-C were significantly higher (p<0.01) than in the adults, and the mean HDL-C values were significantly lower (p<0.01) than in the adults.<BR>These results indicated that the reference interval of elders of T-C, HDL-C, TG and LDL-C could be from 147 to 289mg/dl, from 37 to 99mg/dl, from 40 to 209mg/dl and from 70 to 200mg/dl, respectively.