RESUMO
Background:The degree of physical activity may induce strain and stress on the Achilles tendon because of its role in the elastic mechanics of gait. Material &Methods: The study was carried out to determine the effect of occupation-related physical activity on the thickness of the Achilles tendon. The effect of occupation- related physical activity on the thickness of the Achilles tendon in three phases (ATT at Normal phase, ATT at Dorsiflexed phase and ATT at Plantarflexed phase) was assessed, by ultrasound, among four classes of occupations- Labourers/farmers, Dancers, Athletes and a less active class (control group). Results: Results show that the less active (control group) had the least value for ATT (normal) (3.31±0.50mm) being almost at par with those of the dancers. The athletes and labourers/farmers had significantly higher values than the control (P=0.000 and 0.007 respectively). Conclusion: Our findings have conclusively established that occupation-related prolonged physical activity induces thickening of the Achilles tendon.
RESUMO
Background: The heel pad is an important element of foot biomechanics and knowledge of structural inclinations in populations is important in the pathological assessment of the foot. Subjects and Methods: The thickness of the Heel pad (HPT) was evaluated in a student population in Nigeria using ultrasound and correlated with some anthropometric variables to assess which variable can easily be used to predict HPT. Results: Results showed a mean HPT of 9.06±1.26 and 9.00±1.73 (mm) for the right and left side respectively; height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Surface Area (BSA) showed positive correlation with the HPT. As a result Simple regression equations were deduced for HPT using height, BMI and BSA as independent variables. Conclusion: The results are not comparable to previous studies and suggest ethnic/racial impact on heel pad fat distribution and thus, opined the validation of these equations for expanded use in our population.
RESUMO
The teratogenic effects associated with ingestion of crude oil on the histology of developing cerebral cortex was investigated in albino wistar rats. Single doses of 3ml/kg; 6ml/kg body 9ml/kg body weight of crude oil was administered through gastric intubations to different groups of pregnant rats onthe 7th; 8th and 9th day of gestation. Control rats received 6ml/kg body weight of normal saline on corresponding days. The fetuses were collected by hysterectomy on the 20th day of gestation. Histological layering; reduced cell density and degeneration of neuroblasts in the intermediate and ventricular zones and the cortical plate. These effects were observed to dose dependent. The result indicate that crude oil ingestion can reduce malformations in the development of fetal cerebral cortex in the rat and therefore calls for greater awareness of the toxic effects of ingestion of crude oil