RESUMO
The absence of natural teeth presents considerable hurdles in consuming certain foods that demand efficient chewing, rendering elderly individuals vulnerable to malnutrition. Studies have reported malnutrition rates among this group ranging from 2% to 10%. Several factors contribute to this issue, including tooth loss itself, diminished masticatory function, and age-related alterations in taste sensitivity and saliva production. This review delves into the significant effect of dentures on the nutritional well-being of elderly individuals, shedding light on the challenges posed by edentulism, or complete tooth loss. The review underscores the crucial role of integrating dietary guidance into the prosthodontic treatment of edentulous patients. Personalized dietary counselling emerges as a vital strategy to rectify nutrient imbalances and enhance oral and overall health. Key recommendations encompass embracing a diverse array of foods while also moderating salt, fat, and sugar consumption. Furthermore, promoting the intake of hydrating fluids such as water, juice, and milk is essential. Continuous monitoring and support are emphasized as indispensable components for ensuring enduring dietary improvements among this vulnerable population. In conclusion, this review underscores the imperative of addressing the nutritional implications of dentures in the elderly and advocates for a comprehensive approach to safeguarding their dietary health.
RESUMO
Diabetes mellitus, a global health crisis, necessitates effective prevention strategies. The prevalence of diabetes is on a relentless rise, leading to severe complications and imposing a substantial societal burden. Diabetes prevention has taken center stage in the public health arena. The imperative to develop effective strategies for preventing diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, has never been more apparent. The primary goal of diabetes screening is to identify individuals at risk of developing the disease, particularly type 2 diabetes. This paper explores the multifaceted landscape of diabetes prevention, emphasizing the role of lifestyle modifications, screening, and risk reduction. Lifestyle modifications encompass dietary changes, physical activity, and behavioral adjustments, forming the foundational approach. Screening, with various methods and risk assessment tools, identifies at-risk individuals, allowing for timely interventions. Risk reduction strategies target modifiable factors and are essential for both preventing diabetes onset and mitigating complications. These approaches empower individuals, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to combat diabetes's increasing prevalence and its associated health and economic consequences.
RESUMO
The burden of comorbidities is on the rise, and nursing has long been recognized as having a crucial role in assisting individuals to manage long-term conditions. Over the past ten years, a growing number of chronic disease delivery models have given nurses great opportunities to develop roles and abilities focused on effective chronic disease management. We have conducted both electronic and manual searches within the potential databases to find relevant studies. Studies from the years 2010-2023 were included. Case reports with limited sample sizes, no descriptive statistics, review papers, and meta-analyses were excluded from this review. A quality assessment for all included studies was performed. Final inclusion resulted in a total of eight studies. Cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes were the comorbidities reported by the majority of the studies, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, end-stage renal disease, and metastatic cancer were reported by each study. Overall, the findings suggest that nurses play a significant role in the management of comorbidities among patients, further improving patient outcomes, reducing readmissions and hospital costs, and preventing complications. The care of patients with complicated medical and social needs is coordinated through the employment of a wide range of interventions in an internal medicine setting. Nurse-led interventions /programs can play a vital part in reducing the burden of rising comorbidities among patients. However, the role of nurses in the internal medicine setting needs to be highlighted further by evidence-based research.