d-GDM: A mobile diagnostic decision support system for gestational diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the study is to describe a portable and convenient software to facilitate the diagnostics of gestational (GDM) and pre-gestational diabetes (PGDM). Materials and methods An open source software, d-GDM, was developed in Java. The integrated development environment Android Studio was used as the Android operational system. The software for GDM diagnosis uses the criteria endorsed by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, modified by the World Health Organization. Results GDM diagnosis criteria is not simple to follow, therefore, errors or inconsistencies in diagnosis are expected and could delay the appropriate treatment. The d-GDM, was developed to assist GDM diagnosis with precision and consistency diagnostic reports. The open source software can be manipulated conveniently. The operator requires information regarding the gestational period and selects the appropriate glycaemic marker options from the menu. During operation, pressing the button "diagnosticar" on the screen will present the diagnosis and information for the follow up. d-GDM is available in Portuguese or English and can be downloaded from the Google PlayStore. A responsive web version of d-GDM is also available. The usefulness and accuracy of d-GDM was verify by field tests involving 22 subjects and 5 mobile phone brands. The approval regards user-friendliness and efficiency were 95% or higher. The GDM diagnosis were 100% correct, in this pilot test. d-GDM is a user-friendly, free software for diagnosis that was developed for mobile devices. It has the potential to contribute and facilitate the diagnosis of gestational diabetes for healthcare professionals.

Serum Fluorescent Advanced Glycation End (F-AGE) products in gestational diabetes patients

ABSTRACT Objectives Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the pathogenesis and complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Gestational DM (GDM) is characterized by increased glycemia and oxidative stress, which are factors associated with high serum AGE concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a serum fluorescence AGE (F-AGE) method as a screening tool for gestational diabetes. Subjects and methods Serum samples from 225 GDM patients and 217 healthy pregnant women (healthy controls) were diluted 50-fold in phosphate-buffered saline, and the AGEs were estimated by fluorometric analysis (λEx 350 nm/ λEm 440 nm). Results No significant (P > 0.05) differences in AGE concentrations, expressed in Arbitrary Units (UA/mL × 104), were observed in the women with GDM or in the healthy controls. Furthermore, F-AGE concentrations did not change significantly during the pregnancy (12-32 weeks of gestation). Only the GDM group had a positive correlation (r = 0.421; P < 0.001) between F-AGEs and serum creatinine concentrations. Conclusion It was not possible to distinguish women with gestational diabetes from the healthy controls on the basis of serum F-AGE concentrations.

Type 2 diabetes-associated genetic variants of FTO, LEPR, PPARg, and TCF7L2 in gestational diabetes in a Brazilian population

ABSTRACT Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder that shares pathophysiologic features with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the polymorphisms fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs1421085, leptin receptor (LEPR) rs1137100, rs1137101, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) rs1801282, and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7901695 with GDM. Subjects and methods 252 unrelated Euro-Brazilian pregnant women were classified into two groups according to the 2015 criteria of the American and Brazilian Diabetes Association: healthy pregnant women (n = 125) and pregnant women with GDM (n = 127), matched by age. The polymorphisms were genotyped using fluorescent probes (TaqMan®). Results All groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype and allele frequencies of the studied polymorphisms did not show significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). In the healthy and GDM groups, the C allele frequencies (95% CI) of the FTO rs1421085 polymorphism were 36.8% [31-43%] and 35.0% [29-41%]; the G allele frequencies (95% CI) of the LEPR rs1137100 polymorphism were 24.8% [19-30%] and 22.8% [18-28%]; the G allele frequencies (95% CI) of the LEPR rs1137101 polymorphism were 43.6% [37-50%] and 42.9% [37-49%]; the G allele frequencies (95% CI) of the PPARg rs1801282 polymorphism were 7.6% [4-11%] and 8.3% [5-12%]; and the C allele frequencies (95% CI) of the TCF7L2 rs7901695 polymorphism were 33.6% [28-39%] and 39.0% [33-45%], respectively. Conclusion The studied polymorphisms were not associated with GDM in a Brazilian population.

The rs10885122 polymorphism of the adrenoceptor alpha 2A (ADRA2A) gene in Euro-Brazilians with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the association of the rs10885122G>T polymorphism in the ADRA2A gene in a Euro-Brazilian sample of healthy (controls) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects. Subjects and methods We used fluorescent probes (TaqMan) to genotype 241 subjects, that is, 121 healthy and 120 T2D subjects, who were classified based on the Brazilian Diabetes Association (2013) and American Diabetes Association (2014) criteria. Results The genotype and allele frequencies showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference between the two studied groups. The minor allele (T) frequencies (95%CI) for rs10885122 were 19% (14-24%) and 20% (15-26%) for healthy and T2D groups, respectively. Carriers of the T allele (genotypes GT+TT) were significantly associated (P = 0.016) with approximately a 7-kg body weight reduction compared with the genotype GG, which was only found in the T2D group. Conclusion The rs10885122G>T polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene was not associated with T2D in Euro-Brazilians, and carriers of the T allele had lower body weight in the presence of T2D. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):29-33 .

Luz e galinhas como fatores de atração de Nyssomyia whitmani em ambiente rural, Paraná, Brasil / Light and hens as attraction factors of Nyssomyia whitmani in a rural area, Southern Brazil

OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência de armadilhas com luz elétrica e galinhas como fatores de atração de flebotomíneos e comparar os resultados entre métodos de captura. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Palmital, município de Terra Boa, Paraná, Brasil. As coletas de flebotomíneos foram feitas com armadilhas de Falcão e aspirador elétrico, quinzenalmente, das 20 às 23 horas, na presença ou na ausência de luz e de galinhas, no ambiente peridomiciliar, de setembro de 1998 a junho de 1999. RESULTADOS: Coletaram-se 43.767 exemplares de oito espécies de flebotomíneos; Nyssomyia whitmani, N. neivai e Migonemyia migonei representando 99,9 por cento do total coletado, com predomínio de N. whitmani. O número de exemplares coletados na presença (21.045) foi maior do que na ausência de galinhas (10.434). Na presença de galinhas, indiferentemente das intensidades de luz, coletou-se maior número de exemplares de N. whitmani com luz de 3W. Na presença de galinhas e luz (3W) o número de N. whitmani coletado com aspirador elétrico (5.141) foi superior ao coletado com armadilha de Falcão (1.675). Na ausência de luz não houve diferença entre o número de N. whitmani coletado com o aspirador elétrico e na armadilha de Falcão, na presença ou na ausência de galinhas. CONCLUSÕES: As galinhas e a luz elétrica juntas atraem mais N. whitmani para o ambiente peridomiciliar. O número de N. whitmani coletado com o aspirador elétrico na presença de galinhas e luz no galinheiro foi maior do que o coletado na armadilha de Falcão, na mesma condição.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of traps with electric light and hens as factors that attract sandflies and compare results between capture methods. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Palmital Farm, Southern Brazil. Sandfly collections were conducted with Falcão traps and an electric aspirator, fortnightly, between 8 p.m. and 11 p.m. in the presence or absence of light and hens in peridomiciliary areas, from September 1998 to June 1999. RESULTS: A total of 43,767 specimens from eight species of sandflies were collected: Nyssomyia whitmani, N. neivai and Migonemyia migonei constituting 99.9 percent of the total collected, with predominance of N. whitmani. The number of this species collected inside the hen's shed in the presence of hens (21,045) was greater than in their absence (10,434). In the presence of hens, with distinct intensities of light, a larger number of N. whitmani samples were collected with 3W light. In the presence of hens and light (3W), the number of N. whitmani collected with the electric aspirator (5,141) was superior to that collected with the Falcão trap (1,675). In the absence of light, with or without the presence hens, there was no difference between the numbers of N. whitmani collected with the electric aspirator or the Falcão trap. CONCLUSIONS: Hens and electric light together attract more N. whitmani to peridomicilary areas. The number of N. whitmani collected with an electric aspirator inside a hen's shed with the presence of hens and light is greater than those collected with a Falcão trap in the same conditions.

Influência da reorganização, da limpeza do peridomicílio e a da desinsetização de edificações na densidade populacional de flebotomíneos no Município de Doutor Camargo, Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Influence of rearrangement and cleaning of the peridomiciliary area and building disinsectization on sandfly population density in the municipality of Doutor Camargo, Paraná State, Brazil

Comparam-se os resultados de coletas de flebotomíneos, feitas com armadilhas de Falcão, no domicílio e em abrigos de animais domésticos no peridomicílio, antes e após a reorganização, a limpeza e a desinsetização destes ambientes. As coletas foram realizadas de outubro de 1998 a abril de 2000, no Recanto Marista, Município de Doutor Camargo, Estado do Paraná. Os resultados foram comparados com outros obtidos no período de outubro de 1996 a setembro de 1997. Nesta investigação foram coletados 122.616 flebotomíneos, com dez armadilhas, contra 157.983 coletados anteriormente, com seis armadilhas. Lutzomyia neivai predominou nos dois períodos de coletas. No primeiro foram coletados em média por hora (MH) 1.641,9 flebotomíneos contra 806,7 no segundo. Os resultados das coletas com quatro armadilhas, instaladas nos mesmos ecótopos, mostram que a MH no primeiro período foi 1.318,8 e no segundo 156,0. Os dados sugerem que a redução expressiva no número de flebotomíneos coletados foi devido ao impacto das alterações introduzidas no ambiente e pela desinsetização das edificações, realizadas após o primeiro período de coleta.

Ecologia de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani em área urbana do município de Maringá, Paraná / Ecology of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani in an urban area in Brazil

OBJETIVOS: Estudar a fauna, a freqüência horária e a sazonalidade de flebotomíneos em abrigos de animais silvestres, perímetro urbano.. MÉTODOS: No Parque do Ingá, perímetro urbano do município de Maringá, PR, foram coletados flebotomíneos com armadilha de Shannon (AS) e com armadilhas de Falcäo (AF). As coletas com AS foram feitas na margem do córrego Moscados, das 18h às 6h. As coletas com AF foram realizadas em abrigos de aves, mamíferos e répteis silvestres, das 20h às 24h. Com ambos os métodos as coletas foram feitas duas noites ao mês, de outubro de 1998 a setembro de 2000. RESULTADOS: Nas As coletaram-se 13.656 flebotomíneos, com predomínio de Lutzomyia whitmani (98,7 por cento). Coletaram-se 4.040 flebotomíneos, prevalecendo novamente L. whitmani (96,3 por cento). Nas AS L. whitmani foi mais freqüente entre 0h e 2h. Nas AS, esta espécie foi mais freqüente no mês de agosto (55,1 por cento), e nas AF em março (19,2 por cento) e novembro (15,9 por cento) de 1999, e em agosto (20,6 por cento) de 2000. Coletaram-se mais flebotomíneos nas AF instaladas nos abrigos de mamíferos (84,0 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Foi nítido o predomínio de L. whitmani no Parque do Ingá; o pico maior de freqüência de L. whitmani em AS é no mês de agosto e nas AF, em março e novembro; o pico de atividade de L. whitmani ocorre entre 0h e 2h.