Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of dentin hypersensitivity

Dentin sensitivity is a problem characterized by brief sharp pain that occurs in response to things like changes in temperature, sweet or sour substances and mechanical factors. This condition significantly affects the lives of patients leading to restrictions and changes in oral hygiene routines. It is crucial for care to understand the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and management of dentin sensitivity. The development of dentin sensitivity is closely related to the structure of teeth which involves the exposure of tubes in the dentin that contain nerve endings sensitive to stimuli. Different theories, such as the theory and direct innervation theory provide insights into how this pain occurs. Diagnosis involves an evaluation of signs and symptoms along with patient history and specific tests to confirm sensitivity. Management options include adjusting behaviors using desensitizing toothpaste or fluoride applications utilizing bonding agents or even undergoing procedures like gingival grafts. These approaches aim to reduce pain and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by dentin sensitivity. Dental professionals play a role, in diagnosing, treating and educating patients about this condition to ensure results and better oral health.

Endodontic treatment considerations in patients with special healthcare needs

Individuals with special needs may have conditions that are either present from birth, arise from environmental factors, or are acquired later in life. These conditions can significantly restrict their ability to engage in everyday activities, such as self-care tasks and essential life activities. Special needs encompass a wide range of conditions, including physical, developmental, mental, sensory, behavioral, and emotional impairments. These individuals may face challenges in communication and cooperation during dental treatment. Various medical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, bleeding disorders, and pregnancy, also impact endodontic care. Management strategies include careful evaluation, the use of general anesthesia, and minimizing technical compromises. Dental professionals deal with individuals in their everyday routines who suffer from a variety of medical conditions and special circumstances The review further discusses considerations for patients with bleeding disorders, diabetes, lung disorders, HIV, and those undergoing cancer treatment. Finally, it highlights the unique challenges of providing endodontic care to elderly patients and COVID-19-positive individuals, emphasizing the importance of safety protocols during the pandemic.