Cytokine Pattern is Affected by Training Intensity in Women Futsal Players

To find the relation between exercise and cytokines, we examined the effect of the training intensity on the levels of cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interlukine-4 (IL-4) and interlukine-4/interferon-gamma ratio (IL-4/IFN-γ ratio) in female Futsal players. Twelve well-trained female college Futsal players aged 19~22 participated in this study. The athletes completed 30-min of running at 60~65% maximal heart rate [moderate-intensity exercise], and 30-min of running at 75~80% maximal heart rate [high-intensity exercise]. peripheral blood samples were collected 24 h before and 24 h and 48 h after each of the exercise bouts. finding showed that The 30-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise induced a significant increase in IFN-γ (p=0.01) and significant decreases in IL-4 (p=0.001) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (p=0.003). And also, 30-min of running at 75~80% maximal heart rate induced increase in IFN-γ (p=0.07) and decreased in IL-4 (p=0.01) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (p=0.06) that these changes not significantly. In summary, exercise intensity can effect on the magnitude of changes in cytokines. It seems that moderate intensity exercise enhances cytokine pattern in female college Futsal players.

Studying the Rate of Physical and Emotional Abuse among Elementary School Students of Isfahan in 2014 and Its Relation with Some of the Cognitive Demographic Characteristics for Better Health Care.

Aim: Determining the rate of physical and emotional abuse among elementary school students of Isfahan and its relation with demographic characteristics Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in 12 elementary school of Isfahan in central Iran from November to January of 2014. Methods: In this analytic descriptive study 500 elementary students from 12 elementary schools under supervision of The Education Department of Isfahan, central Iran, were participated. Samples were selected through multi-step random sampling. Data was gathered using a researcher made questionnaire about some individual and family characteristics and physical and emotional abuse from January to November 2014. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and by appropriate analytic descriptive statistics. Results: Results showed that “you were forced to stand in the corner of the class” among choices for physical abuse (mean = +1.87, -0.96) and “you were shout at” among choices for emotional abuse (mean = +1.80, -0.98) gained the highest mean scores. There was a significant relation between the age and sex of student and their fathers’ job with the rate of physical and emotional abuse. But mothers’ education only had a statistically significant relation with emotional abuse. There was no significant relation between fathers’ education and mothers’ job with the rate of physical and emotional abuse. Conclusions: Since physical and emotional abuse does exist among elementary school students, and it is more in boys rather than girls and in older students rather than younger students, careful planning, supervisory actions and necessary educations regarding this field are essential.

Health Care Strategies for Elementary Schools.

Aim: Every society uses a kind of strategy to provide health care for schools, so the aim of this study was to determine health care strategies for elementary schools. Study Design: This is a qualitative study that conducted content analysis. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, during 2014. Methodology: This study was conducted on health care providers of elementary schools. By targeted sampling 17 healths care providers from 22 elementary schools were selected. 20 semi-structured interviews were performed. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three concepts of social contribution (with two sub-categories of responsibility toward peers and cooperation), family-oriented (with three sub-categories of school and family interaction, parents’ desperateness and transparency of information between teachers and parents) and holism (with four sub-categories of students’ health problems, multidimensionality of health, social skills and promoting spirituality). Conclusions: Using these approaches to provide health care for students could help to enhance the health of this group.

Evaluation of occupational risk factors in non-hodgkin lymphoma and hodgkin's disease in Iranian men

Lymphoma is a malignancy, arises from lymphoid tissue. Nowadays, it is the ninth most common cancer in Iran. The risk factors of malignant lymphomas have not well determined, but since 20 years ago till now, too many epidemiological researches have been concerning either Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [NHL] or Hodgkin's Disease [HD]. It is a common usual hypothesis that idiosyncratic reaction to common physical, chemical, and viral agents could lead to lymphoma without obvious immune deficiency. Some occupations has reported to cause increasing "NHL" risks, such as rubber industry, veterinaries, uranium mining, metal working, asbestos exposing, farming, textile industry, and benzene exposing. The roles of ionizing radiation, benzene and other environmental agents have not been clear, because of the lack of confirmed evidences for relation between the occupational and environmental agents with "HD". A case-control study with 150 cases of malignant lymphoma and 150 controls have performed in Tehran. Data have selected through face-to-face interviews about the medical and occupational histories. In this study, there was a significantly increased risk for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in these occupations; welders, metal workers, founders, aluminium workers OR=4.6[Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.47-14.35] and increased risk for Hodgkin's Disease in drivers OR=2.34[[CI]:0.86-6.35]. We have found out decreased NHL risk in office workers OR=0.54 [[CI]:0.29-1.02] and also found out a non-significant increased NHL risk in farmers OR=1.58 [[CI]:0.82-3.03]. In this study, we have found no relation between smoking and HD, or NHL. The results of this study suggest that several occupations could alter the risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hodgkin's Disease.

Development of a community-based care system model for senior citizens in Tehran

In Iran a considerable percentage of old people "living" in society need to receive specialized health services. In order to respond to these care needs, developing and implementing health and social care systems with consideration of relevant factors such as existing resources and facilities; social and cultural issues and characteristics of each group of elders [healthy elders, frails, home-bound] seems to be necessary. At the development phase of the care model in this study methodological triangulation is used including: 1. Comprehensive review of current and related literature. 2. Conduction of an ethnographic study on a number of Tehranian elders and their families. 3. Seeking opinions of a group of experts on this issue using nominal group technique, and analysis and synthesis of the collected data were employed to develop a community based care system for elders. The preliminary results of employing this care system and examination of expected outcomes such as enhancing quality of life and hope in elders, reflects the efficiency of this system, although further complementary studies and particularly cost benefit analyses are strongly recommended

Development of a community-based care system model for senior citizens in Tehran

In recent years a variety of system models for providing community based health care services for the elderly has been envisioned and implemented in the developed countries which meet the special care needs of different groups of elders .In Iran as a developing country, a considerable percentage of old people live in the society need to receive specialized care and health services. In order to respond to these care needs, developing and implementing health and social care systems with consideration of relevant factors such as: existing and available resources and facilities[financial and human resources];social and cultural issues and characteristics of each groups of elders[healthy elders, frails,homebounds,…] seem to be necessary. At the development phase of the care model in this study Ellowing methodological triangulation must be considered:1. Comprehensive review of current and related literature.2. Conduction of an ethnographic study on a number of Tehranian elders and their families.3. Seeking opinions of a group of experts on this issue using nominal group technique, and analysis as well as synthesis of the collected data were employed to develop a community based care system for elders. The preliminary results of employing this care system and examination of expected outcomes such as promoting quality of life and expectancy in elders reflects the efficiency of this system, although further complementary studies and particularly cost benefit analysis are strongly recommended