Evaluation of the effects of resting in appearance of post lumbar puncture headache

Lumbar puncture [LP] is a procedure for obtaining spinal fluid from spinal meningeal spaces this can be done as a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure which can result in to a typical positional headache named as post lumbar puncture headache .This can cause a lot of discomforts for patients and makes fear from the procedure. This study designed to evaluate the effect of resting position after LP on post lumbar puncture headache [PLPH]. Patients who had a diagnostic lumbar puncture were divided randomly in two groups .Group A patients had one hour rest in the supine position while group B patients had one hour rest in the prone position. Both groups followed for appearance of symptoms of PLPH for 5 days. 119 patients completed the study, 57 [48%] male patients and 62 [52%] female .PLPH totally appeared in 38 [31.9%] patients .In the group A PLPH was present in 20 patients whereas in group B it was present in 18 patients. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between two groups [P>0.07]. Position of rest after LP has no significant effect on reducing post lumbar puncture headache and there is no need to emphasize on position of rest after LP

Study of the Murine Double Minute 2 status in patients with gastric and colorectal carcinomas and its correlation with prognostic factors.

Background: Gastric and colorectal cancers are the second and the fourth most common cancers in Iran, respectively. The presence of Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) has been identified in many cancers and its relationship with prognosis is under investigation. This study aimed to assess the status of MDM2 and its relationship with prognostic factors in gastric and colorectal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 99 paraffin blocks of gastric and colorectal cancers, during the years 2001 to 2007 from Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Tissue sections were prepared, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and immunohistochemistry to evaluate for MDM2 expression. The type of tumor, lymph node involvement and tumor grade was determined. Results: Of the 99 cases, 34.3% and 65.7% cases were diagnosed with gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma, respectively. The average tumor size was 5.5 cm. MDM2 expression level was 82.4% and 90.8% in gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma, respectively. No statistical difference was found between MDM2 expression and various prognostic factors; however, significant correlation was observed between gastric (P = 0.03) and colorectal (P = 0.03) tumor size and the percentage of MDM2 immunoreactivity. Conclusion: Considering the role of MDM2 in cell growth and its positive correlation with tumor size (an established prognostic factor), it can be indirectly concluded that MDM2 is also important in prognosis. However, additional investigation is needed.

Frequency and perception of sexual activity during pregnancy in Iranian couples

Pregnancy stimulates partners to search for ways to preserve their mutual emotional relations and satisfy their sexual needs, with some limitations. This study evaluates the frequency and perception of sexual intercourse during pregnancy in a group of Iranian couples. In this cross-sectional study, 155 pregnant women were recruited from two academic clinics in Tehran. The exclusion criteria were: any underlying disease, history of pelvic surgery or gynecologic and obstetric complications, abortion or sterility, and previous preterm labor. A checklist was administrated in the labor room, that included: demographic data, partus and their viewpoints about sexuality. Frequency of sexual activity in each trimester, vaginal intercourse, coitus position, orgasm, breast stimulation, condom usage, and pregnancy outcome were recorded. Data were analyzed with t- and chi-square tests. Women and their husbands with sexual behaviors during pregnancy had a lower mean age; the majority were nulipara [p<0.05]. The biggest reason for decreased intercourse in the first trimester was fear of abortion [39.45%]. No significant relationship between sexual activity in pregnancy and preterm labor, gestational age, membrane rupture, and fetal outcome was shown. There was a significant negative relationship between intercourse in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and need to induction. Although our results showed that sexual intercourse had no adverse effect on the fetus and was a proper stimulus for the induction of delivery, its frequency was reduced during the gestational stage due to parents' fear of adverse effects

study of anti-inflammatory activity of oil-based dill [anethum graveolens l.] extract used topically in formalin-induced inflammation male rat paw

Inflammation is one of the symptoms of many common and harmful diseases. As it is incurable through chemical drugs, the study on this ailment using new methods and drugs seems necessary. In addition, the adverse effects of the present anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDS and Glucocorticoid appeared in the long time use make such study more demanded. Accordingly, in this study we examined the effects of aerial organs' extract and seed of a plant commonly used in Iranian traditional medicine named Dill on the inflammation caused by plantar injection of formalin in rats and compared them with Diclofenac-gel. One of the methods used for the inflammation assessment is injecting formalin in the rat paw and then measuring the paw volume by the new plethysmometer [weighing method]. The assessment is done at a specific time on day for 8 days and then recorded. This study includes 3 groups of 6 male rats: Formalin, Dill-Oil and Diclofenac-gel groups. The Dill-Oil group received 2 g of Dill-Oil, containing 100 mg Dill-extract and the Diclofenac group received 2 g gel containing, 20 mg Diclofenac Na. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17 using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Repeated-Measures. The average paw volumes changes in these groups after Formalin-induced inflammation on 1[st] day, were 0.31 [standard error [SEM] = 0.02], 0.30 [SEM = 0.01] and 0.32 [SEM = 0.05] respectively, with no significant difference. Regarding the peak of inflammation on the 2[nd] day, it was indicated that the average inflammations in Formalin, Dill-Oil and Diclofenac-gel groups were 0.44 [SEM = 0.03], 0.15 [SEM = 0.04] and 0.36 [SEM = 0.08], respectively. The paw volume changes in groups receiving Dill-oil and Diclofenac-gel, after the daily formalin injection in 8 days compared to the blank group, had a significant decrease [p < 0.001]. The Dill group showed even more decrease in the paw volume compared to the Diclofenac one. The results of paw volume measurement analyzed by the Plethysmometer manifest that the Dill-Oil is able to decrease the paw volume significantly

[Study of medical malpractice complaints in the field of dermatology and cosmetic, in the coroner's office of forensic medicine, province of Tehran, during 2002 to 2010]

Today, despite numerous advances in medical sciences, the number of complaints against physicians shows an increasing trend. Studying the causes of these complaints and identify contributing factors may reduce medical litigation. The aim of this study was to assess the reasons of complaints in the field of dermatology and cosmetic. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we investigated the medical malpractice records related to dermatology and cosmetics, registered in the office of Forensic Medicine, province of Tehran from 2002 to 2010. In 63.4%, 35.3%, and 1.2% of cases, verdicts of malpractice, acquittal and closing the file without a verdict, were issued; respectively. The most common types of negligence were related to improvidence [63.4%], lack of proficiency [27%], and disregarding of governmental provisions [5.7%]. Most frequent causes of complaints were related to scar and darkening of skin after laser therapy [24.4%], dissatisfaction of hair transplantation [19.5%], and complications after injection of filler gels, botollonium toxin, etc [15.8%]. Most plaintiffs were women, in their 20s, with a highschool diploma and were housewives. The most frequent age range of the physicians was 30-39 years old and most of them were male. Considering medical ethics and professionalism, good communication between physicians, medical personnel and patient including his entourage, full examination, adequate explanations about therapeutic procedures and possible complications, lack of exaggerating the results of therapy, continuous study and updating medical knowledge, improvement of medical skills and experiments, refrain from dealing with procedures that did not pass its training courses, properly selected patient, take informed concept and innocence may reduce the number of complaints

Effect of dimenhydrinate on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after Epley maneuver therapy

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo [BPPV] is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo in adults. Reason of this type of vertigo is movement of otoliths in semicircular canals [especially posterior]. Main treatments for BPPV are antivertiginous drugs and maneuvertherapy. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of Dimenhydrinate after maneuvertherapy of Epley on duration, number of vertigo attacks and duration of dizziness after each vertigo attack in patients with Posterior canal BPPV. One hundred forty eight patients with posterior Canal BPPV were evaluated in a randomized clinical trial in 2008 2009.Maneuvertherapy of Epley were done for all patients. They were divided into two groups: Dimenhydrinate group [75] and Placebo group [73] and drug prescribed for 2 weeks. Patients were followed up after treatment for duration of vertigo [days], number of vertigo attacks and duration of dizziness after each vertigo attack [minute]. Data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS 11/5 and comparison of means were done with T test and relationship between qualitative variables with X[2] square. Mean duration of recovery from vertigo attacks were 3/2 +/- 2/9 days in Dimenhydrinate and 3/8 +/- 3/3 in Placebo groups, mean number of vertigo attacks after treatment were 2 +/- 0/7 in Dimenhydrinate and 2/2 +/- 1 in placebo groups and Mean duration of dizziness after each vertigo attack was 32/75 +/- 2/07 minutes in Dimenhydrinate and 39 +/- 3/55 minutes in placebo groups with no statistically difference [P<0/05]. Epley maneuvertherapy is an effective treatment for Posterior canal BPPV and adding Dimenhydrinate does not increase its effectiveness

[Studying knowledge of medical students of Tehran universities toward avian influenza]

Avian influenza, a viral disease in poultry, is an important infectious disease among human beings, because of easy spreading, no immunity and antigenic shift of virus. It has been occurred outbreak of avian influenza in some neighbor countries of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of medical students toward avian influenza. In this cross- sectional study, the knowledge of 403 medical students was gathered using a questionnaire in 2008. A pilot study verified the validity and reliability of questionnaire. The students completed the questionnaire, and then data were analyzed by SPSS software. The mean age of the participants was 23.68 +/- 2.8 years. Male to female ratio was 208 to 194. Mean score of students knowledge was 39.33 +/- 7.4. There was significant relationship between educational level and knowledge score [p=0.001] However, no significant relationship was found between knowledge score and other variables [NS]. This study suggests that educational programs can positively influence the knowledge about infectious diseases, especially avian influenza

[Frequency of consanguineous marriage in Tehran and some related factors]

Consanguineous marriage is an important type of marriage in the world including Iran. Familial marriage mean's marriage between a man and woman who has at least one common grandfather. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of consanguineous marriage and some related factors in Tehran [2008]. This study was a cross-sectional with descriptive and analytic features. 180 couples who intend to marriage and come to health care centers of Tehran's [summer 2008] medical universities were randomly assessed with an author's built questionnaire. Means age of persons with consanguineous marriage and non-consanguineous marriage were 24.7 + 4.2 years and 25.6 +/- 4 years, respectively. The level of knowledge of majority of persons about the effects of consanguineous marriage was intermediate and lower. Most of people believed that genetic consult is very necessary. Frequency of consanguineous marriage was 17.7%. Incidence of familial marriage has no significant relationship with age, sex and education of persons [P>0.05], but there was significant relationship between occurrence of familial marriage and history of this type of marriage in their parent, family and friends [P<0.002]. Although the majority of persons in this study has not a proper level of knowledge about the effects of consanguineous marriage and thus need genetic consult, but their friends were the most important reference of their information about familial marriage and it's consequences. This reveals that communications and genetic consulters have a weak role in giving information to people

Expression of MDM2 gene in primary breast cancer and it's, relationship with prognostic factors

The breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. MDM2 expression is determined in some carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemias,and breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of MDM2 gene in primary breast cancer and it's relationship with grade, stage and axillary lymph node involvement. the study was the cross-sectional one, that was performed on 75 samples of patients with breast cancer admitted in Mostafa Khomeini hospital Tehran, Iran [2000-05]. After preparing the samples, a tissue section from each samples was obtained. One of the tumoral sections and one of the lymph node sections were stained by H and E. We determined the type of the tumor, the number of lymph nodes, the stage and the grade of the tumor. We studied MDM2 with polyclonal antibody by IHC. The mean +/- SD of patients were 54 +/- 12.5 years old. 69.3% of patients had lymphoid involvement. 32% of samples were positive for MDM2. 58.7% of samples were in stage II and the most of patients [42.7%] were in grade III. In this study, there was not any relationship between MDM2 and tumor grade, but there was a relationship between stage of tumor and lymph node involvement with MDM2 gene [P < 0.05]. This study showed that MDM2 gene is a prognostic factor in breast cancer