Effect of bupivacaine versus bupivacaine plus intrathecal dexmedetomidine in postoperative pain

Background: Pain is defined as "unpleasant sensory and sensory experience", associated with actual or potential tissue domage or described in terms of such damage. Objetive: To assess the effect of bupivacaine versus bupivacaine plus intrathecal dexmedetomidine in postoperative pain. Patients and method: An experimental design was made of a controlled clinical trial type, in patients scheduled for lower abdomen surgery or lower extremities. A sample of 60 patients was studied during the period from October 1 to december 15, 2018, who agreed to participate in the study through of signing consent under information. Results: It was observed that the time of the rescue analgesia was prolonged in more than 120 min in the case of dexmedetomidine when compared with bupivacaine (p<0.0001); also VAS scores at the time of analgesia rescue for the group with dexmedetomidine were 3.71 ± 1.27 and in the bupivacaine group of 5.7 ± 1.59, the difference of two pints of the VAS (p= <0.001) was significant, which demonstrates that dexmedetomidine is effective for prolong postoperative analgesia and decrease the analgesia requirements. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine at a dose of 5 ug associated with bupivacaine administered intrathecally is more Effective in postoperative analgesia compared with this substance alone in abdominal surgery inferior and lower extremities (AU)

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with large and cystic neck metastasis: report of a case and review of articles

Papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid [PMC] as a variant of papillary carcinoma less than 1 cm in size is a new clinicopathological entity, with high incidence and good prognosis. There are many differences between PMC and clinically apparent papillary thyroid carcinoma. Also, there are some PMC case reports with unusual metastasis and aggressive courses. Prognostic factors are age, size and morphology of tumor, multifocality, cervical lymphadenopathy, etc. Here we report a case of unifocal PMC less than 0.4 mm in size in one lobe of thyroid in an elderly man which was discovered by thorough cutting of thyroid gland after detecting its large and cystic cervical metastasis