Correlation of adiponectin RNA abundance and its receptors with quantitative parameters of sperm motility in rams

Background: Adiponectin and its receptors [AdipoRl and AdipoR2], known as adiponectin system, have some proven roles in the fat and glucose metabolisms. Several studies have shown that adiponectin can be considered as a candidate in linking metabolism to testicular function. In this regard, we evaluated the correlation between sperm mRNA abundance of adiponectin and its receptors, with sperm motility indices in the present study

Materials and Methods: In this completely randomized design study, semen samples from 6 adult rams were fractionated on a two layer discontinuous percoll gradient into high and low motile sperm cells, then quantitative parameters of sperm motility were determined by computer-assisted sperm analyzer [CASA]. The mRNA abundance levels of Adiponectin, AdipoRl and AdipoR2 were measured quantitatively using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR] in the high and low motile groups

Results: Firstly, we showed that adiponectin and its receptors [AdipoRl and AdipoR2] were transcriptionally expressed in the ram sperm cells. Using Pfaff based method qRT-PCR, these levels of transcription were significantly higher in the high motile rather than low motile samples. This increase was 3.5, 3.6 and 2.5 fold change rate for Adiponectin, AdipoRl ar/dAdipoR2, respectively. Some of sperm motility indices [curvilinear velocity [VCL], straight-line velocity [VSL], average path velocity [VAP], linearity [LIN], wobble [WOB] and straightness [STR]] were also significantly correlated with Adiponectin and AdipoRl relative expression. The correlation of AdipoR2 was also significant with the mentioned parameters, although this correlation was not comparable with adiponectin and AdipoRl

Conclusion: This study revealed the novel association of adiponectin system with sperm motility. The results of our study suggested that adiponectin is one of the possible factors which can be evaluated and studied in male infertility disorders

Fine structures of the oocyte in relation to serum, follicular fluid steroid hormones and IGF-I in the ovulatory-sized follicles in one-humped camel [camelus dromedarius]

The following study was carried out to determine the ultrastructural features of the oocyte of the ovulatory-sized follicles in relation to concentrations of steroids and IGF-I in the follicular fluid and serum in the dromedary camel. Camel follicles with a clear and healthy appearance were categorized into three classes: follicles 10 to 13.9, 14-17.9 and 18-30 mm diameter. The Follicular Fluid [FF] and serum samples were assayed for estradiol-17 beta, progesterone and IGF-I. Recovered Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes [COCs] were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The mean [ +/- SD] FF concentrations of progesterone and IGF-I was significantly [p<0.05] higher in follicles 18 to 30 mm diameter compared to other groups of follicles. There was no difference in the mean [ +/- SD] serum estradiol-17 beta, progesterone and IGF-I concentrations between camels with different ovulatory-sized follicles [p>0.05]. Oocytes from follicles 18 to 30 mm diameter [group 3] showed more advanced signs of maturation including the disappearance of the nuclear envelope, increased number of microvilli in erect position, the increase in number and size of vesicles and more even distribution of the mitochondria throughout the ooplasm. The final stages of oocyte maturation in dromedary camel is associated with increasing progesterone and IGF-I concentrations and constant high estradiol concentration in the follicular fluid which are paralleled with well-defined ultrastructural changes in oocytes

Sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma

Cancer is among most important causes of death in recent decades. Whoever the renal cell carcinoma incidence is low but it seems it is more complicated than the other cancers in terms of pathophysiology and treatments. The purpose of this work is to provide an overview and also deeper insight to renal cell carcinoma and the steps which have been taken to reach more specific treatment and target therapy, in this type of cancer by developing most effective agents such as Sorafenib. To achieve this goal hundreds of research paper and published work has been overviewed and due to limitation of space in a paper just focus in most important points on renal cell carcinoma, treatment of RCC and clinical development of Sorafenib. The information presented this paper shows the advanced of human knowledge to provide more efficient drug in treatment of some complicated cancer such as RCC in promising much better future to fight killing disease.