Assessment of the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum: a retrospective case-control study / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

Background@#Orofacial clefts (OFCs) comprise a wide range of malformations, including cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate, which can vary in terms of etiology, severity, and disease burden. @*Objective@#(s)This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum in newborns.Study designA total of 323 cases and 400 controls were enrolled in this study and evaluated in terms of the maternal history of abortion or miscarriage, child’s sex, maternal and paternal age, maternal history of systemic disease, history of medication therapy during pregnancy, birth order, consanguineous marriage, and complications during pregnancy. @*Results@#Analysis of the results suggested that consanguineous marriage, a maternal history of abortion/miscarriage, and complications during pregnancy could potentially increase the risk of OFCs in children (P 0.05). @*Conclusion@#(s)Multiple cofactors may simultaneously contribute to the formation of such abnormalities; therefore, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary care program is necessary to ensure a successful pregnancy period and the birth of a healthy newborn.

Assessment of the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum: a retrospective case-control study / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

Background@#Orofacial clefts (OFCs) comprise a wide range of malformations, including cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate, which can vary in terms of etiology, severity, and disease burden. @*Objective@#(s)This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum in newborns.Study designA total of 323 cases and 400 controls were enrolled in this study and evaluated in terms of the maternal history of abortion or miscarriage, child’s sex, maternal and paternal age, maternal history of systemic disease, history of medication therapy during pregnancy, birth order, consanguineous marriage, and complications during pregnancy. @*Results@#Analysis of the results suggested that consanguineous marriage, a maternal history of abortion/miscarriage, and complications during pregnancy could potentially increase the risk of OFCs in children (P 0.05). @*Conclusion@#(s)Multiple cofactors may simultaneously contribute to the formation of such abnormalities; therefore, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary care program is necessary to ensure a successful pregnancy period and the birth of a healthy newborn.

[Investigation of antifungal activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of walnut [Juglans regia] leaves and peel against candida species]

Background and Aim: The occurrence of fungal species resistant to antifungal drugs and also their numerous side-effects have persuaded researchers to work on new therapeutic methods. The aim of the present study was to assess anticandidal activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of walnut fruit, peel, and leaves on different Candida species

Materials and Methods: In the current study, antifungal effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of fruit peel and leaves of walnut [Juglans regia] against four Candida species [Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei] were examined using broth microdilution method. The tested fungal species were associated with different concentrations of the plant extracts, and then, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration [MFC] of these extracts were obtained for tested Candida species

Results: Both aqueous and methanol extracts of fruit peel .and leaves of walnut showed antifungal effects against candida species. The MICs of fluconazole, clotimazole, nystatin and aqueous and methanol extracts of fruit peel and leaves of walnut for different Candida species were 6.25-50, 3.125-25, 12.5-50 and 3.125- 25 mg/ml, respectively MFCs of methanol extracts of fruit peel and leaves of walnut were 6.25-25 mg/ml. The aqueous extracts of fruit peel and leaves of walnut were without fungicidal effects only through inhibiting fungal growth

Conclusion: It was found that methanol extracts of walnut leaves and peels contain compounds with thrapeutic potential against candida species and it looks promising that some effective antifungal agents with minimal side effects from walnut leaves and pills extract can be obtained in the future

Protective effect of Urtica dioica L against nicotine induced damage on sperm parameters, testosterone and testis tissue in mice

Nicotine consumption can decrease fertility drive in males by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage. Urtica dioica L [U.dioica] is a multipurpose herb in traditional medicine for which some anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties have been identified. The main goal is to investigate whether the U.dioica could inhibit nicotine adverse effects on sperm cells viability, count, motility, and testis histology and testosterone hormone. In this study, hydro-alcoholic extract of U.dioica was prepared and various doses of U.dioica [0, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg] and U.dioica plus nicotine [0, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg] were administered intraperitoneally to 56 male mice for 28 consequent days. These mice were randomly assigned to 8 groups [n=7] and sperm parameters [sperm cells viability, count, motility, and morphology], testis and prostate weight, testis histology and testosterone hormone were analyzed and compared. The results indicated that nicotine administration [0.5 mg/kg] significantly decreased testosterone level, count and motility of sperm cells, and testis weight compared to control group [p=0.00]. However, increasing the dose of U.dioica significantly boosted motility, count, normal morphology of sperm cells, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testosterone in all groups compared to control [p=0.00] and testis weight in 20 and 50 mg/kg doses in comparison with control group [p=0.00]. It seems that U.dioica hydro-alcoholic extract administration could increase the quality of spermatozoa and inhibits nicotine-induced adverse effects on sperm parameters

Isolation of aspergillus species from nasal cavity and bedroom of healthy volunteers and patients with allergic rhinitis in Mashhad, Iran

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence, frequency and comparison of Aspergillus spp. in nasal cavity and bedroom of healthy volunteers and patients with allergic rhinitis. In this cross-sectional study, a group of patients with allergic rhinitis [N=50] were selected based on positive skin prick test. Healthy volunteers were chosen to be in the comparison group by matching in age, gender, and no history of respiratory system disease. Samples from nasal cavity and different parts of bedroom were collected and cultured. Cultured Aspergillus spp. was identified by standard mycological techniques. The most common species isolated from all samples of healthy volunteers was A. flavus [88%], followed by A. niger [76%] and A. fumigatus [74%]. A. flavus [56%] was the predominant species isolated from all samples of patients, followed by A. niger [34%] and A. fumigatus [6%]. A. flavus was the most prevalent species of Aspergillus both healthy volunteers and patients. The presence of Aspergillus in homes does not necessarily imply a cause and effect relationship with illness, but we speculate that A. flavus may be a major source of aeroallergens along with A. niger and A. fumigatus; and should alert physicians and healthcare professionals to do more vigorous environmental testing

[DMFT and the effect of dental education on orodental health of dental students in Isfahan School of Dentistry]

Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease all over the world and imposes heavy costs on people and health services each year. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of DMFT, its related factors and dental education on the orodental health of dental students in Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry. In this descriptive cross-sectional study all the dental students [n=202] in Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry were evaluated regarding DMFT and oral hygiene procedures they were engaged in. For DMFT index the subjects were clinically examined; to evaluate oral hygiene procedures which the students used questionnaires were used. Data was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS 11 software [? = 0.05]. Mean DMFT index was 5.043; it was 5.54 and 5.33 in males and females, respectively, demonstrating no significant differences [p value < 0.05]. Mean DMFT index demonstrated no significant differences between students of different educational years [p value < 0.05]. Statistically significant differences were noted with the use of dental floss in students of different educational years; however, the results of the study showed that brushing frequency was not significantly different among the students [p value < 0.05]. Our results showed that it is necessary to raise awareness in oral hygiene and an emphasis on oral hygiene instructions is necessary