Detection and genotyping of helicobacter pylori among gastric ulcer and cancer patients from Saudi Arabia

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] infection is cause of several gastrointestinal diseases in humans. Virulence genes of H. pylori are associated with severity of disease and vary geographically. The aim of present study was to detect H. pylori in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] tissues and further investigate prevalence of babA2, cagA, iceA1, iceA2, vacA s1/s2 and vacA m1/m2 genotypes in H. pylori from gastric cancer [GC] and gastric ulcer [GU] patients' biopsy samples

Methods: We used FFPE tissues of 35 GC and 10 GU patients' biopsy samples. Using Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR], detection of H. pylori strain was performed by using specific primers targeting 16S rRNA and ureC encodes for phosphoglucosamine mutase genes. We have identified different virulence genes of H. pylori by PCR

Results: Of all the 45 samples tested, 20 GC and all 10 GU samples were positive for identification of H. pylori using specific genes [16S rRNA and ureC]. The prevalence of babA2 [100%] was significantly higher in GC as compared to GU [40%] samples. The rate of virulence genes vacAs1 was higher in both GU 8 [80%] and GC [100%]

Conclusions: Our study finds that vacAs1am1 and babA2 are most prominent genotypes and may play role in development of Gastric cancer

role of RCC, vimentin and cytokeratin 7 in the differential diagnosis of conventionalrenal cell carcinoma

The present study investigates the value oT RCC, Cytokeratin 7 and vimentin immunohistochernical staining in the distinction between granular variant of renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma. chromophobe renal cell carcinomas were characterized by positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to CK7 [100%] while they were negative to vimentin, and RCC. Conventional renal cell carcinoma showed positive immunoreactivity to; vimentin [100%], RCC [73%], and CK7 [14%]. On the other hand, oncocytoma showed focal weak staining to RCC while they were negative to the other markers. A panel of antibodies including RCC, Cytokeratin 7, and vimentin is useful tool in differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from granular type renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma

role of RCC, vimentin and cytokeratin 7 in the differential diagnosis of conventional renal cell carcinoma

The present study investigates the value of RCC, Cytokeratin 7 and vimentin immunohistochemical staining in the distinction between granular variant of renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma. Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas were characterized by positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to CK7 [100%] while they were negative to vimentin, and RCC. Conventional renal cell carcinoma showed positive immunoreactivity to; vimentin [100%], RCC [73%], and CK7 [14%]. On the other hand, oncocytoma showed focal weak staining to RCC while they were negative to the other markers. A panel of antibodies including RCC, Cytokeratin 7, and vimentin is useful tool in differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from granular type renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma

effect of infrared and functional appliance treatment on mandibular growth in rabbits

Mandibular retrognathisim is one of the most common problems in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. Many treatment techniques involve enhancing mandibular growth using functional appliances [FA] in growing patients. The effect of these functional appliances is still controversial. Infrared [IR] is known to enhance tissue healing by increasing metabolism and mainly due to its thermal effect. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effect of using IR alone or in combination with FA to enhance mandibular growth in rabbits. Five growing male white New Zealand rabbits were chosen and treated with IR and FA or IR only at different treatment times. The results show that IR can stimulate mandibular growth especially when it is accompanied by FA. The IR effect is, however, dose dependent. The results of this preliminary study suggest performing a larger study using different treatment doses and statistically determined sample size

Clinico-pathological study of hodgkin's disease in King Abdulaziz university hospital, Jeddah

Hodgkin's disease [HD] has unique epidemiological features with diversified pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological pattern of HD at King Abdulaziz University Hospital [KAUH], Jeddah. Our results will be compared to those in the literatures. In addition, the relationship between peripheral blood lymphopenia on presentation, and clinical and laboratory variables among HD patients will also be addressed. A total of 81 HD patients were included in this study. The records were analyzed retrospectively from January 1998 through December 2004 and recorded in a structured form. In order to determine the importance of lymphopenia on presentation as a diagnostic marker in HD a comparison was made to a similar number of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] after standardization for age, sex and clinical presentation. Moreover, the association between lymphopenia and clinical and laboratory variables were also studied. There were 54 [66.7%] non-Saudi and 27 [33.3%] Saudi patients with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age of the patients was 40.4 years, ranging from [12-82] years with a SD of +/- 18.95. Cervical lymph nodes were the most common finding at the time of presentation. Mixed cellularity was the most frequent pathology followed by nodular sclerosis with prevalence of advanced stages of the disease in 48 [59.2%] and B symptoms 67 [82.7%]. Lymphopenia was seen in 33 patients, 24 [72.7%] of them were above the age of 30. A comparison between Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma regarding lymphopenia, using the same number of patients after standardization for age, sex and presentation did not turn out to be significant [P > 0.05]. Relationship between lymphopenia and other clinical and laboratory variables also did not turn out to be significant with the exception of anemia where the P-value was <0.05. Our data demonstrated that HD is more common among males, mainly at middle age with lack of bimodal age distribution. Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common presenting sign. Similar to other developing countries the mixed cellularity type of HD was the most common type followed by the nodular sclerosis type. Lymphopenia on presentation is common among patients with HD especially above the age of 30. In order to analyze the importance of this finding as a diagnostic marker in HD, a comparison was made to NHL patients but the association was insignificant. The relationship between lymphopenia and anemia among HD patients is significant as compared to other clinical and laboratory variables

Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphoma, histopathological and immunohistochemical study in endoscopic biopsies in King Abdulaziz University hospital, Saudi Arabia

The histological criteria useful for the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma are well established. On the other hand, the histological changes of the gastric mucosa adjacent to MALT lymphoma have not been adequately described, in spite of the high frequency of intestinal metaplasia, atrophy and occasional dysplasia. This study was performed on 104 biopsies which included the endoscopic biopsies of 27 cases of MALT lymphoma, 27 cases of gastric carcinoma and 54 cases of H pylori associated gastritis. Cellular lymphoid atypia, diffuse lymphoid growth pattern, lymphoepithelial lesions and immunoreactivity of the diffuse lymphoid infiltrate with at least one of the B cell markers are important features for MALT lymphoma. The association of H pylori, lymphoepithelial lesions and the surface erosion was most likely seen in association of MALT lymphoma. The association of gastric dysplasia, gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was most likely seen in gastric carcinoma while the association of lymphoid follicles, intestinal metaplasia and H pylori was most likely in association with non neoplastic process but not exclusive. Reactive germinal centres may be observed in H pylori associated gastritis but they must. not be exclusive for MALT lymphoma. Identification of H pylori does not exclude a concomitant MALT lymphoma. Also diffuse lymphoid infiltrate that showed immunoreactivity of T and B markers is supportive of a reactive or an inflammatory process

Clinico pathological pattern of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the western region of Saudi Arabia

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and histopathologic distribution of various types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] at King Abdulaziz University Hospital - Jeddah, and to compare our results with those reported in the literature. A hundred and nine patients with malignant NHL diagnosed over a 10-year period [1994-2004] were retrospectively studied clinically and histopathologically. They were classified using the international working formulation, and recorded in a structured questionnaire. Of the 109 patients with NHL, 42 [47.2%] were Saudi and 67 [75.3%] were Non-Saudi, with male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The mean age of the patients was 48 years, age range [12-93 years]. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of intermediate grade was the most frequent histopathological diagnosis 48 [53.9%] followed by high grade 28 [31.5%] and 13 [14.6%] low grade lymphoma. The proportion of primary extranodal NHL was 20 [18.3%] with stomach being the commonest site 9 [45%]. Immunologically, the percentage of NHL with B-cell and T-cell phenotype were 92 [84.4] and 17 [15.7] respectively. Complete remission was achieved in 24 [27%] of patients with nodal presentation and 5 [25%] with extranodal NHL. Prevalence of its advanced stage of the disease 58 [65.1%] and B symptoms 68 [80%] of nodal cases, 11 [55%] of extranodal NHL patients were recognized. The distribution of various types of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed clinical and histopathological similarities and differences when compared with other Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma series from the region, Asian countries or the West. Larger studies using the new WHO classification of lymphomas should be considered

Metastatic ovarian carcinoma of large intestinal origin simulating primary ovarian carcinoma: a clinicopathological study

Ovarian metastasis from colorectal carcinoma frequently mimics primary ovarian carcinomas. The present study was performed to find possible histopathological criteria helpful in the differential diagnosis. Twelve cases of primary colonic adenocarcinoma with unilateral [5/12] and bilateral [7/12] ovarian metastasis were included. Also twelve cases of primary ovarian carcinoma of unilateral [7/12] and bilateral [5/12] were included. Both were evaluated clinicopathologically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically including CK7 and CK-20. Integration of clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical findings was very helpful while electron microscopy had little value in the determination of primary ovarian carcinoma from ovarian metastasis of colonic origin. Bilaterality, extrapelvic spread, high mitotic index, garland, segmental and dirty necrosis, positivity for CK-20 and lack of CK-7 immunoreactivity favoured the diagnosis of ovarian meta-stases from colon carcinoma