effect of phencyclidine new derivatives on anxiety behaviors in rats

Anxiety is a common disorder which afflicts many people in any society and is often accompanied by physiological sensations such as tachycardia, chest pain, shortness of breath, insensitivity, etc. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the putative anxiolytic-like effects of phencyclidine [l-[l-phenylcyclohexyl] piperidine, CAS 956-90-1, PCP, I] and its methyl and methoxy hydroxyl derivatives [II, III] using elevated plus maze test of anxiety. Phencyclidine as well as its methyl and methoxy hydroxyl derivatives [I, II, III] [hydrochloride, 1, 2, 5 mg/kg] were synthesized and administrated intraperitoneally [IP] on adult male Wistar rats. The results of this study demonstrated that, intraperitoneal [IP] administration of PCP analogues [I, II, III] hydrochloride [1, 2, 5 mg/kg] increases the percentage of open arm time [OAT%] and percentage of open arm entries [OAE%]. This study revealed that both derivatives of phencyclidine [II, III] were more effective than PCP [I] itself in modulation of anxiety behavior in rats

Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic results of fine-needle aspiration [FNA] cytology and pathology in the assessment of thyroid nodules

Fine-needle aspiration has become an accepted and cost-effective procedure for rapid diagnosis of thyroid lesions. The routine use of Fine-needle aspiration has reduced the rate of unnecessary surgery for thyroid nodules. This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis. During this cross-sectional study, reports of 600 fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid, performed during a period of 11 years [1991-2001] in departments of pathology of Shahid Rahnemoon and Shahid Sadoughi hospitals were reviewed. Pathological diagnosis were available for 28 cases. Cytological reports were classified diagnostically, and histological and cytological correlations were determined. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13 and descriptive tests. From 600 cases [91 male, 509 female] the cytological diagnosis were as follows: 526 [87.7%] benign, 28 [4.7%] malignant, 10 [1.6%] suspicious and 36 [6%] unsatisfactory. Between benign Lesions, goiter and follticular adenoma and between malignant lesions, papillary cell carcinomas were the most common. Malignant nodules were more common in females than males [4.9% versus 3.3%]. We identified no false-positive results between malignant FNA and histopathology and so positive predictive value was 100%. Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is highly accurate and has a Low rate of false-positive diagnosis in case of malignant results

Diagnostic value of anorexia in acute appendicitis

Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and management decrease morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical data; history and physical examination. Anorexia is present in almost all cases. In the absence of such symptoms, the probability of the disease decreases. This study was designed to determine sensitivity and specificity of anorexia in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. All cases of acute abdominal pain admitted in Shahid Rahnemoon and Aafshar hospitals Yazd Iran with primary diagnosis of acute appendicitis during 10 months were evaluated. History of anorexia was recorded and the patients were followed up to determine definite diagnosis by pathology report. Out of a total of 465 cases, 400 [86%] cases were confirmed of appendicitis. Three hundred thirty five [83.75%] of these patients and 49 [75.34%] of other patients had anorexia [P value =0.09]. Sensitivity was 83.75% and specificity was 24.61%. Positive predictive value was 87.2% and Negative predictive value was 19.8%. Anorexia increases probability of appendicitis but its absence cannot rule out diagnosis of acute appendicitis