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Background: Frequency of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events increase even in early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was aimed to understand the cardiovascular profile of patients with CKD.Methods: This observational study was conducted on patients who were admitted with chronic kidney disease in Sri Venkateswara Rama Narayan RUIA Government General Hospital, Tirupati. Patients were classified according to their severity of CKD. All patients had an electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Results of various biochemical investigations, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were compared between patients with mild, moderate and severe CKD.Results: Combined diabetes mellitus and hypertension was found to be the most common case of CKD in Authors patient population (43%), followed by diabetes mellitus alone (37%). Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were found to be significantly higher and creatinine clearance and haemoglobin were significantly lower among patients with severe CKD. Electrocardiography revealed 50% had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), 30% had tall ‘T’ waves and 15 % had ST-segment changes. Mean inter-ventricular septal end diastole thickness and mean left ventricular mass was found to be significantly in patients with severe CKD as compared to mild CKD.Conclusions: Extensive cardiovascular evaluation of patients with CKD is warranted even if the classical symptoms are not absent and early cardiovascular rehabilitation should be instituted in such patients.
RESUMO
Introduction: In type 2 diabetes mellitus, lipid abnormalities are almost the rule and is associated with a cluster of interrelated plasma lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities that are all recognized as major risk factors for coronary artery disease and other macro vascular complications. Present study aimed to assess the lipid profile in type 2 diabetic individuals in comparison with non-diabetic individuals. Materials and methods: An observational study was conducted at outpatient and Inpatient department in BLDEU’S Shri. B.M. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre. The sample size was 250 of which 125 were type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were studied as cases and 125 non diabetics were taken as controls and there lipid profile were estimated and the results obtained were statistically computed. Results: In the present study the results obtained were in cases (type 2 diabetes mellitus) values were as follows – LDL 117.99 ± 49.28, TC 196.77 ± 73.6, TG 186.05 ± 128.32, HDL 38.72 ± 12.5, VLDL 34.06 ± 19.65. These values were much higher as compared to controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was observed that in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient’s lipid profile is significantly altered as compared to non-diabetic patients and hence regular monitoring of lipid profiles in such patients is warranted.