Análise do extrato aquoso de Arachis hipoagea L. no combate à dislipidemia e ao ganho ponderal de ratos Wistar submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica / Analysis of the aqueous extract of Arachis hipoagea L. to reduce dyslipidemia and weight gain in Wistar rats with high fat diet

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do Extrato Aquoso de Amendoim (EAA) no peso, bioquímica sérica e na histologia hepática de ratos Wistar submetidos a dietas normo e hiperlipídicas. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando 40 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em quatro grupos (n=10): GA (dieta hiperlipídica), GB (dieta hiperlipídica +EAA), GC (dieta normolipídica) e GD (dieta normolipídica +EAA). Após 8 semanas, os animais foram eutanasiados e foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas para a avaliação de dados bioquímicos (Colesterol total e suas frações, triglicerídeos, uréia, creatinina, AST, ALT e glicemia) e fragmentos do fígado para análise histológica. Os animais do grupo GB tiveram um ganho de peso inferior quando comparados ao GA (XGB= versus XGA= p<0,05), já os grupos GC e GD não obtiveram diferenças estatísticas. Os animais que receberam o EAA tiveram uma redução nos níveis de colesterol (XGB= versus XGA= p<0,05 e XGD= versus XGA= p<0,01), dos triglicerídeos (XGB= versus XGA e XGD= versus XGA= p<0,001) e mais discretamente dos níveis de ALT. A glicemia, uréia e creatina permaneceram dentro dos valores de referência. As amostras hepáticas analisadas, dos ratos dos diferentes grupos, não apresentaram alterações histopatológicas. Conclui-se que O EAA apresentou efeitos preventivos sobre o ganho ponderal e dislipidemia.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Aqueous Extract from Peanut (EAA) in weight, serum biochemistry and liver histology of Wistar rats with normal hearing and a high fat diet. The survey was conducted using 40 male Wistar rats divided into four groups (n=0): GA (high fat diet), GB (fat diet+EAA), GC (normolipídica diet), and GD (normolipídica diet+EAA). After 8 weeks, the rats were euthanized and blood samples were collected to evaluate biochemical data (total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT and glucose) and liver fragments for histological analysis. The animals of the GB group had a lower weight gain when compared with GA (XGB versus XGA= p<0.05), but CG and GD did not obtain statistical differences. The rats that received EAA had a reduction in cholesterol levels (XGB= versus XGA= p<0.05 vs. XGA and XGD= p<0.01), triglycerides (=XGB versus XGA and =XGD versus XGA= p<0,001) and more discreetly ALT levels. Blood glucose, urea and creatine remained within the reference values. Liver samples analyzed, the rats of different groups showed no histopathological changes. In conclusion, the EAA had preventive effects on weight gain and dyslipidemia.(AU)

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pernambuco, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects in "Zona da Mata" region

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has been increasing in Pernambuco, thus becoming an important problem for Public Health. The incindence is predominant in the region called "Zona da Mata", in the east of this state. This region corresponds geographically to the primitive area of the Atlantic forest. In order to characterize the eco-epidemiology expression of ACL in this region, two localities situated in the municipalities of Amaraji e Cortes have been selected by the criterion of higher incindence of human cases. Five stocks of patients were characterized and identified on the basis of enzyme profiles as a new variant of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. A survey of wild and domestic animals was carried out by means of a parasitological and serological diagnosis. Through the analysis of the spleen and liver imprints, were detected amastigotes compatible with Leishmania in five Nectomys s. squamipes, five Bolomys l. pixuna, two Rattus r. alexandrinus and one Rattus r. frugivorus. For two years we carried out monthly sandflies captures using CDC light traps as well as manual captures. Lutzomyia whitmani was predominant, which accounted for 97.4 por cento of the total. These data indicate a strong evidence on the vector and the potential reservoirs of L. braziliensis in this region.