Abrasão ultrassônica: uma alternativa de preparo cavitário para o paciente infantil / Ultrasonic abrasion: an alternative in the performance of cavity preparation in childhood

A técnica da abrasão ultrassônica é realizada com o uso de pontas CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), que são formadas através da união química da peça única do diamante à haste metálica, acopladas ao aparelho de ultrassom. Assim, o corte do esmalte e da dentina é feito por oscilação dessas pontas diamantadas e não por ação mecânica, o que promove um desgaste preciso e um preparo conservador da cavidade. Essa técnica proporciona inúmeras vantagens para o profissional e para o paciente, pois diminui a sensação de barulho, pressão, vibração e calor, além de possibilitar um tratamento sem anestesia local e apenas com uso de isolamento relativo, tendo uma boa aceitação pelos pacientes, destacando-se, assim, como aspecto de grande relevância na odontopediatria, para o preparo cavitário. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um caso clínico utilizando a técnica de abrasão ultrassônica para o preparo cavitário nos dentes 51 e 61 acometidos por lesão cariosa, de um paciente de 04 anos, abordando os aspectos positivos e negativos relacionados a essa técnica

The technique of ultrasonic abrasion is carried out using tips CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), which areformed by the chemical union of one piece of diamond to metal rod coupled to the ultrasonic device. Thus, the cut enamel and dentin is done by oscillation of these diamond burs and not by mechanical action, which promotes an accurate wear and a conservative cavity preparation. This technique provides numerous advantages for the professional and the patient, because it reduces the sensation of noise, pressure, vibration and heat, besides enabling a treatment without local anesthesia and only with the use of relative isolation, with good acceptance by patients, highlighting was thus as an aspect of great relevance in pediatric dentistry for cavity preparation. This paper aims to describe a clinical case using the technique of ultrasonic abrasion for cavity preparation in teeth 51 and 61 affected by carious lesion of a patient of 04 years, addressing the positive and negative aspects to this technique

Increased overjet is a risk factor for dental trauma in preschool children.

Context: Traumatic dental injury and malocclusion constitute a public health problem due to their high prevalence. Preventing or detecting such conditions, in any population, is of paramount importance. Aim: Assessing the association of anterior occlusal characteristics and dental trauma in preschool children. Settings and Design: A cross‑sectional study was carried out with 2–6‑year‑old randomly selected by a sample calculation, resulting in 606 subjects. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire to collect information about the sample (age, gender, and race) was sent to the children’s parents. Two trained and calibrated examiners (Kappa 0.80) evaluated dental trauma according to criteria established by the World Health Organization. The following anterior occlusal characteristics were evaluated: Normal occlusion, anterior open bite, anterior crossbite, increased overjet (categorized as ≥3 mm), and increased overbite (categorized as ≥3 mm). Statistical Analysis Used: The variables associations were assessed (odds ratio, Chi‑square test, and logistic regression, P < 0.05) using statistical software (SPSS, version 16.0). Results: Dental trauma was observed in 20.8% and malocclusion in 48.6% of the children. There is an association between malocclusion and dental trauma (P = 0.01). Children with malocclusion have a 64% higher chance of suffering dental trauma. Increased overjet was the type of malocclusion related to a higher rate of tooth fracture (P < 0.01). Subjects with this type of malocclusion suffered tooth fractures three times more often than subjects with other malocclusion types. Conclusions: There was association of dental trauma and malocclusion. Increased overjet was the most common malocclusion related to dental trauma. Preventive strategies are needed to reduce the rate of anterior malocclusion and, consequently, dental trauma in preschool children.