RESUMO
Background: hypothyroidism is of concern in our society; it has an effect on metabolic parameters
Objective: this study aimed to predict the prevalence of metabolic syndrome [MetS] among patients with hypothyroidism in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to determine the effect of treating hypothyroidism on MetS
Methods: we conducted this cross-sectional study, in which MetS was defined by presence of at least three of the five AHA/NHLBI criteria. We included patients with hypothyroidism that were managed in an outpatient department or admitted in King Abdulaziz University Hospital from 1 March to 30 April 2016. We measured lipid parameters, blood pressure [BP], waist circumference [WC] and serum fasting blood glucose [FBG]
Results: in total 57 patients were included in our study, of which 47 [82%] were females. the majority of patients were greater than 50 years of age [n=35, 60%]. We found that 36.8% of patients uncontrolled for hypothyroidism had high levels of TSH [serum level of TSH >5 mlu/L], while 64.9% of patients who were controlled for hypothyroidism had normal levels of TSH [serum level of TSH 0.5 - 5 mlu/L]. Overall, 71.9% [n=41] of hypothyroidism patients had MetS. However, we found that 51.8% [n=21] uncontrolled hypothyroidism patients suffered from MetS and 48.2% [n= 20] patients controlled for hypothyroidism suffered from MetS. However, 70.68%, 31.03%, 34.48%, 79.31% and 70.6% of participants had abnormal waist circumference [WC], hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal high-density lipoprotein [HDL], hypertension and elevated serum levels of fasting blood sugar, respectively
Conclusion: hypothyroidism plays an important role in MetS. Future advanced studies including larger numbers of patients are needed to test the effect of treating hypothyroidism on MetS. Routine screening for cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypothyroidism may unmask MetS
RESUMO
Background: Glaucoma is a disease which damage the eye's optic nerve. That so many instances of glaucoma can be undiscovered ways that research studies based in hospitals or specialist clinics, as an example, can be biased to specific classes of referred patients and so not representative of the Glaucoma associate
Objective: In this review we discuss risk factors that lead to onset of glaucoma and focus on risk factors affecting the progression of this disease, to give information to prevent and start early treatment
Method: PubMed and Embase database were searched up to July, 2018 for relevant studies that discussing the risk factors of glaucoma
Conclusion: The most consistent factors are older age and also higher baseline IOP. Currently, there is very little we can do about age, due to the fact that it is probably a surrogate threat factor for various other potentially more important elements, for example, mitochondrial performance. Because IOP can be lowered either medically or operatively, it is a flexible threat or prognostic element for open-angle glaucoma