Anatomic study of verumontanum during endoscopic surgeries in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

ABSTRACT Introduction and objective: To evaluate changes in verumontanum anatomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who used 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) and to propose an anatomical classification of the verumontanum. Materials and Methods: We studied 86 patients with BPH and 7 patients without the disease (age under 40 years-old who underwent kidney or ureteral lithotripsy). Of the patients with BPH, 34 (mean age=67.26) had 5-ARIs use and 52 (mean age=62.69) did not use the drug. During surgeries, photographs of the seminal colliculus were taken and later, with the aid of software (Image J), the length (longitudinal diameter) and width (transverse diameter) of the verumontanum were measured in all patients. During the procedure, we evaluated the different types of verumontanum. For statistical analysis, the R-Project software was used. Results: In the group of patients with BPH who were taking medication (group 1), the mean measures of length and width of the verumontanum were 4.69mm and 2.94mm respectively. In the group of patients with BPH who did not use the drug (group 2), the mean diameters were 4.54mm and 3.20mm respectively. In the control group (group 3), the average length and width were 5.63mm and 4.11mm respectively. There was an increase in longitudinal and transverse measurements of the control group with an increase in body mass index (BMI) (p=0.0001 and p=0.035 respectively). In addition, there was a reduction in transverse diameter in the group of BPH using 5-ARI with increased prostate volume (p=0.010). We found five different verumontanum types: "volcano" (51.61%), "lighthouse" (24.73%), "whale tail" (12.90%), "hood" (5.38%) and "castle door" (5.38%), which we propose as an anatomical classification. Conclusion: Veromontanum has smaller measurements in patients with BPH regardless of treatment. In the control group, there was an increase in verumontanum diameters with an increase in BMI. The volcano type of verumontanum was the most frequent regardless of groups and BMI.

Vulnerabilidade social diante da fosfoetanolamina a partir da teoria principialista / Social vulnerability to phosphoethanolamine based on the principlist theory / Vulnerabilidad social frente a la fosfoetanolamina a partir de la teoría principialista

Resumo No Brasil, a difusão de informações acerca da promessa de cura do câncer com fosfoetanolamina, observada em alguns estudos em modelos experimentais, contribuiu para que indivíduos enfermos procurassem tratamento com essa droga, mesmo sem a realização de ensaios clínicos em humanos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, a partir de revisão sistemática da literatura e segundo os parâmetros da teoria principialista e a concepção de vulnerabilidade social, o uso da fosfoetanolamina como abordagem terapêutica para o tratamento do câncer na população brasileira.

Abstract In Brazil, the dissemination of information regarding the promise of a cancer cure using phosphoethanolamine, observed in some in experimental model studies, has contributed to ill individuals seeking treatment with this drug, even without human clinical trials. This work aims to analyze the use of phosphoethanolamine as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer in the Brazilian population, based on a systematic review of the literature and according to the parameters of the principlist theory and the concept of social vulnerability.

Resumen En Brasil, la difusión de informaciones acerca de la promesa de cura del cáncer con fosfoetanolamina, observada en algunos estudios en modelos experimentales, contribuyó a que los individuos enfermos buscaran tratamiento con esta droga, incluso sin la realización de ensayos clínicos en humanos. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar, a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura y según los parámetros de la teoría principialista y la concepción de vulnerabilidad social, el uso de la fosfoetanolamina como abordaje terapéutico para el tratamiento del cáncer en la población brasileña.