Aggressive Diffuse Intraosseous Hemangioma: Case Report / Hemangioma intraósseo difuso agressivo: Relato de caso

Abstract Vertebral hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor that is usually asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally on imaging. When symptomatic, the most frequent presentation occursinthe formofvague back painofinsidiousonset and,inrare cases, maybeassociated with root or spinal compression, causing sensory and motor deficits. The authors report the case of a 33-year-old man, previously healthy, with a diagnosis of thoracic spine hemangio-ma at multiple levels, in the sternum, in the scapula and in the costal arches; all lesions were symptomatic,and surgicalinterventionwas required; oneof thelesionsatthe thoracicspine level evolved with spinal compression and acute neurological deficit, requiring urgent surgical intervention. Intraosseoushemangiomas represent<1%ofall bonetumors, having few reports of multifocal presentation in the axial and appendicular skeleton. In the literature review, no other case of aggressive multifocal intraosseous hemangioma with this presentation was found, including associated neurological symptoms in the same case.

Resumo O hemangioma vertebral, um tumor vascular benigno, geralmente é assintomático e descoberto incidentalmente em exames de imagem. Quando sintomático, a apresentação mais frequente ocorre sob a forma de dorsalgia vaga de início insidioso e, em raros casos, pode estar associadoa compressão radicularoumedular, causando déficit sensitivo emotor. Osautores relatamocasodeumhomemde33anos, previamentehígido, com diagnósticos de hemangioma na coluna torácica em múltiplos níveis, no esterno, na escápula e nos arcos costais; todas as lesões eram sintomáticas e houve necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica, sendo que uma das lesões ao nível da coluna torácica evoluiu com compressão medular e déficit neurológico agudo, com necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica de urgência. Os hemangiomas intraósseos representam<1% detodosostumores ósseos,eaapresentação multifocal no esqueleto axial e apendicular apresenta poucos relatos. Na revisão bibliográfica, não foi encontrado outro caso dehemangioma intraósseo multifocal agressivo com tal apresentação, inclusive com sintomas neurológicos associados em um mesmo caso.

Patologias frequentes do joelho / Frequent injuries of the knee

Objetivos: Avaliar as lesões mais frequente do joelho. Este é local de acometimento de grande número de patologias, tanto agudas quanto crônicas, sendo queixa nesta região anatômica motivo frequente de atendimento e assunto amplo a ser debatido. Assim, uma forma de compreender algumas patologias que acometem o joelho é revisar as afecções mais frequentes conforme a faixa etária. Métodos: Foram revisados seis artigos que abordam as patologias mais frequentes desta região, conforme cada faixa etária. Resultados: Na criança, cita-se a doença de Osgood-Schlatter, osteocondrite dissecante e menisco discóide; já no adulto, as lesões ligamentares e meniscais assumem papel de destaque e no idoso, a osteoartrose do joelho équeixa importante deste grupo de pacientes. De modo geral, o raio-x é o primeiro exame a ser solicitado, de maneira complementar a uma anamnese e exame físico detalhados. O tratamento é definido pelo ortopedista. Medidas gerais como repouso articular, gelo, elevação do membro e imobilização podem ser orientadas até que o paciente consulte o especialista. Conclusões: As lesões de joelho são queixas frequentes e podem ter diversas etiologias, sendo o trauma a mais frequente. Dividir o tema por faixa etária facilita ao examinador direcionar a história e o exame físico.

Aims: Evaluate the mains injuries of the knee. This is a frequent site of injuries with a large amount of pathologies, as much as acute injuries as well as chronic injuries, what makes this anatomic region a frequent motivation for consultation and an extensive subject for debate. Thereby one way of understanding some of these pathologies that involves the knee is reviewing the affections more frequent by age. Methods: Six studies that evaluate the most frequent knee injuries were reviewed, according to each age range. Results: On childhood, Osgood-Schlatter disease, osteochondritis dissecans and discoid meniscus; On adulthood, the ligaments and meniscus injuries become the centerpiece; On the elderly patient osteoarthritis has a main part on the complains. Radiography is the first complementary exam requested, on a general waybeing used to complement the physical examination and the history. Definitive treatment is given by the orthopedist, general measures as joint rest, ice, elevation of the limb and immobilization can be orientated by any doctor until the patient consult a specialist. Conclusions: Knee injuries are frequents and can have multiple etiologies, being trauma the most frequent. Divide by age range makes it easier for the examiner to direct the history and physical examination.

Score for atrial fibrillation detection in acute stroke and transient ischemic attack patients in a Brazilian population: The acute stroke atrial fibrillation scoring system

OBJECTIVE: Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that increases the risk of stroke by four- to five-fold. We aimed to establish a profile of patients with atrial fibrillation from a population of patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack using clinical and echocardiographic findings. METHODS: We evaluated patients consecutively admitted to a tertiary hospital with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Subjects were divided into an original set (admissions from May 2009 to October 2010) and a validation set (admissions from November 2010 to April 2013). The study was designed as a cohort, with clinical and echocardiographic findings compared between patients with and without atrial fibrillation. A multivariable model was built, and independent predictive factors were used to produce a predictive grading score for atrial fibrillation (Acute Stroke AF Score-ASAS). RESULTS: A total of 257 patients were evaluated from May 2009 to October 2010 and included in the original set. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 17.5% of these patients. Significant predictors of atrial fibrillation in the multivariate analysis included age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scores, and the presence of left atrial enlargement. These predictors were used in the final logistic model. For this model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79. The score derived from the logistic regression analysis was The model developed from the original data set was then applied to the validation data set, showing the preserved discriminatory ability of the model (c statistic = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Our risk score suggests that the individual risk for atrial fibrillation in patients with acute ischemic stroke can be assessed using simple data, including age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scores at admission, and the presence of left atrial enlargement. .

Uso da associação de Benznidazol e espironolactona em camundongos na fase aguda da infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi / The impact of the benznidazole and spironolactone combination in the evolution of the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice

A doença de Chagas, causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi, foi responsável por 4.916 óbitos no Brasil no ano de 2005, o que ressalta a importância de que se busquem novas formas de tratamento para esses pacientes. Estudos anteriores revelaram uma marcante lesão renal em camundongos infectados pelo T. cruzi nos estágios iniciais da infecção. Além disso, foi constatado que o bloqueiodas vias cardiovascular e renal (como o sistema renina angiotensina-aldosterona) diminuiu a mortalidade dos animais em 40por cento. Recentemente foi observado que o bloqueio de aldosterona minimiza a perda de potássio e os efeitos cardiovasculares da infecção pelo T. cruzi. O objetivodeste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da associação entre o benznidazol (Bz) e a espironolactona (Sp) na condição física dos camundongos infectados. Comparando os camundongos infectados e os tratados com Bz/Sp, observamos que a associação promove uma sobrevida de 100por cento, com ganho de peso, manutenção do consumo de alimentos e da atividade física dos animais. Em comparação com o tratamento somente com Bz, a combinação mantém níveis superiores das atividades motora e exploratória, principalmente no décimo quinto dia pós-infecção. Os dados sugerem, portanto, que a associação entre Bz e Sp apresenta uma benéfica influência na condição física dos camundongos durante a fase aguda experimental.

Acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection: establishing a murine model that utilises non-invasive measurements of disease parameters

Trypanosoma cruzi infection has a large public health impact in Latin American countries. Although the transmission rates via blood transfusions and insect vectors have declined sharply in the past 20 years due to policies of the Southern Cone countries, a large number of people are still at risk for infection. Currently, no accepted experimental model or descriptions of the clinical signs that occur during the course of acute murine infection are available. The aim of this work was to use non-invasive methods to evaluate the clinical signs of Balb/c mice infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. The infected mice displayed evident clinical changes beginning in the third week of infection. The mice were evaluated based on physical characteristics, spontaneous activity, exploratory behaviour and physiological alterations. We hope that the results presented in this report provide parameters that complement the effective monitoring of trypanocidal treatment and other interventions used to treat experimental Chagas disease.