RESUMO
Background: allergic rhinitis [AR] is considered a worldwide health disease therefore the lack of knowledge would result in poor adherence to management and preventive protocols and increasing the prevalence of AR
Objectives: evaluating the knowledge, attitude and practice[KAP] of Saudi adult subjects toward AR in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA]
Methods: a cross sectional study conducted on 900 Saudi adult subjects admitted to primary health care centers. The subjects were interviewed and filled up a questionnaire including the respondent's demographics, questions related to knowledge, attitude and practice
Results: most of the respondents aged from31-45 years old, 59.7% were females and 49% were graduated from college.30% of participants had a family history of allergic rhinitis and 34% suffered from allergic rhinitis. Inadequate KAP was found among the participants with higher KAP scores related with higher educational degree. But there were no association between KAP level and gender or age
Conclusion: an inadequate knowledge was found among most of respondents thus resulting in poor attitude and practice pattern. Also, higher educational levels were associated with higher KAP scores
RESUMO
Background: Dysphagia is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease [PD] which indicates a difficulty in swallowing. It has been accompanied with poor quality of life [QoL], anxiety and depression
Aim of the Study: to assess the effects of dysphagia treatment in Parkinson's disease
Materials and methods: Studies published up to July 2017 were found via a systematic comprehensive electronic database search using PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.Two reviewers independently assessed the studies using strict inclusion criteria
Results: Thirteen studies were enrolled in the present study and qualitatively analyzed using critical appraisal items. The review includes rehabilitative [exercises, electrical stimulation, bolus modification etc.] and pharmacologic treatment. Some well-designed controlled trials were included. However, none of the included studies fulfilled all criteria for external and internal validity. Thus, a meta-analysis was not carried out as most of the studies were not of sufficient quality
Conclusion: Rehabilitative treatment including Expiratory Muscle Strength Training [EMST] may be effective for dysphagia treatment solely coupled with dopaminergic therapy for PD. Recently developed other treatment methods such as implant-prosthodontic treatment and percutaneous injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A in the cricopharyngeal muscle on dysphagia is rather promising. Nevertheless, these preliminary results warrant further investigation concerning their clinical applicability, and further research should be conducted