RESUMO
Antimicrobial resistance remains a threat to patient safety and healthcare outcomes and largely arises from inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions. This study aimed to determine the pattern of antibiotic prescriptions in the Paediatrics department of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt.Method:A point prevalence survey was conducted in the Paediatric wards and Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) on 13 November 2021. Records of all children admitted before or at 8:00a.m. on the day of the survey were descriptively analysed using the protocol and web-based management system of the Global Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance, University of Antwerp.Results: The antibiotic prevalence in this study was 77.4%. The most common indication(s) for antibiotic use in SCBU was infection prophylaxis (81.3%) and in paediatric wards: Pneumonia, Ear Nose Throat and Soft tissue infections accounted for (23.1%) each. Third-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were predominantly used in all wards and were empirical-based prescriptions. Regarding antibiotic quality indicators of prescriptions: In SCBU: 19 (90.5%) had indication(s) for antibiotics documented, 10 (46.7%) were guideline compliant, and 1 (4.8%) had documented review/stop date. In the paediatric medical and surgical wards, 17(85.0%) vs. 4(100%) had indication(s) for antibiotics documented, 6(30.0%) vs. 0(0%) were guideline compliant, and 1(5.0%) vs. 4(100.0%) had a review/ stop date.Conclusion:High prevalence of antibiotic use, suboptimal antibiotic quality indicators and absence of laboratory evidence for antibiotic prescriptions were observed in the paediatric units. There is a need to reorientate prescribers and institute strategic measures to improve antimicrobial stewardship
Assuntos
Humanos , Gestão de Antimicrobianos , Antibacterianos , Prescrições , Pediatria Integrativa , InfecçõesRESUMO
Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses and most women in the world are probably infected with at least one type of the virus during their sexual life. Oncogenic HPVs are predominantly sexually-transmitted pathogens and several high-risk types are associated with nearly all cases of cervical cancer worldwide. In view of paucity of data on the prevalence and distribution of various high risk HPV subtypes, this study was carried out to provide evidence based local data for cervical cancer preventive programs within this region. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 145 consenting women living in Ugbegun rural community of Edo central senatorial district, Edo State, Nigeria. Informed consent of each participant was obtained and socio-demographic information collected through interviewer-administered collection tool. Cervical swab sample was collected using the female cervical cell collection kit for HPV DNA testing. HPV DNA was detected by the Hybribio 21 HPV Geno array test kit which uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and flow through hybridization assay. Summary statistics were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, frequency and proportions as appropriate using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Association of sociodemographic characteristics of the women with HPV prevalence was done using the 't' test, with p value less than 0.5 considered statistical significance. Results: Twenty four of the 145 women tested positive, giving HPV prevalence of 16.6%. Six HPV serotypes were detected; types 16, 18, 35, 45, 52 and 58. HPV types 16 and 18 were most frequent, contributing 54.2%, and coinfection occurred in 29.2%. HPV-positive women had significantly higher mean number of life time sexual partners (p=0.046) and mean parity (p=0.0001) compared to HPV-negative women. The mean age of the women (p=0.710), mean age at menarche (p=0.570) and mean age at coitarche (p=0.940) were not significantly associated with prevalence of HPV Conclusion: This study showed predominance of oncogenic cervical HPV types 16 and 18 within this sub region of rural Nigeria. Strengthening reproductive and sexual education in both males and females with focus on HPV vaccination, delaying sexual activities and reduction in number of child birth are strategies which could prevent high risk HPV infection and cervical cancer in rural communities
Assuntos
Humanos , População Rural , Prevalência , Vulnerabilidade Social , Plexo Cervical , Infecções por PapillomavirusRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood analysis may give a clue to the state of health of both pregnant mothers and their neonates. However, there is paucity of literature on some of these indices from our area.OBJECTIVES:This present study determined the red blood indices of maternal and umbilical cord blood in Owerri, Nigeria.METHODS:Pregnant mothers aged 18 - 42 years who booked and received antenatal care until vaginal delivery at the antenatal clinics of two tertiary health care centres in Owerri, Nigeria were divided into five age groups I - V. Maternal blood samples were obtained immediately after delivery of the baby. The umbilical blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of the baby at the end of the second stage of labour. The haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined using standard procedures. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was calculated mathematically.RESULTS:The result of the cord blood haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly higher than the maternal values (14.22 ± 1.25 g/dl versus 11.20 ± 0.92g/d and 42.6 9± 3.80% versus 33.67 ± 2.71% respectively; (P < 0.0001).However, there was no significant differences between cord blood and maternal mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (33.24 ±0.23% versus 33.29 ± 0.45 % ;P = 0.310). Furthermore, a positive linear Pearson's correlation was observed between the mean Hb and PCV of cord blood and maternal blood (r=1.11 and r=1.15 respectively <0.0001).CONCLUSION:This result provides a baseline data for further studies on establishing a reference value for maternal and umbilical cord packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration in our locality