Kappa and lambda determination by single colored immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization techniques in B-cell malignancies

Background: kappa and lambda light chains detection in bone marrow trephine sections help in the determination of B-cell clonality through evaluation of light chain restriction

Aim of the Work: was to compare the efficacy of single color detection-based immunohistochemistry [IHC] and chromogenic in situ hybridization [CISH] in evaluating kappa/lambda expression in tissues harboring B-lymphoid lesions

Patients and Methods: Forty patients were enrolled in this study. They were divided into three groups chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL/SLL] group I [n=13], non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL] group II [n=24] and hairy cell leukemia [HCL] group III [n=3]. The 24 NHL cases comprised of [11 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 6 mantle cell lymphomas, 3 marginal zone lymphoma, 2 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 1 follicular lymphomas and 1 Burkitt's lymphoma]. Kappa and lambda light chains were detected in their bone marrow trephine sections using single colored immunohistochemistry, chromogenic in situ hybridization and the results were compared to the flowcytometry as reference method

Results: Light chain restriction [LCR] was detected by FCM in 100% of the cases followed by CISH [52.1%; 12/23] of the cases and finally IHC [43%; 18/40]

Conclusion: Both conventional CISH and IHC are effective in determining monoclonality in cases of mature B- cell neoplasm that has plasmacytic differentiation and with high amount of cytoplasmic Ig light chains such as MZL and LP. However, they are not effective in determining monoclonality in cases with low amount of Ig light chain such as cases of pregerminal and germinal center lymphoma. Yet, CISH is more informative than IHC due to the lack of background staining which allowed for greater discrimination between absence and presence of monoclonality

Histological, immunohistochemical and scanning electron microscopic study of fungiform and filiform lingual papillae in adult rat following denervation

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of denervation on the filiform and the taste budbearing fungiform lingual papillae in adult rat

Methods: Sixteen adult albino rats were subjected to unilateral combined neurectomy of the chorda tympanilingual nerve. Differences between the intact and the denervated sides of the tongue were observed at 4 weeks [experimental group I ] and 12 weeks [experimental group ll] post-sectioning. Tongue specimens of both experimental groups were subjected to light microscopic study by Haematoxylirt and eosin [H and E] stain and immunohistochemical study using neuron specificenolase antibody. Scanning electron microscopic examination was also done

Results: Several histological and morphological alterations were demonstrated in papillae 0f the denervated side which were much influenced by the longer duration ofa'ertervation. Early postneurectomy [experimental group I], the fungiform papillae were the most affected. They appeared atrophied with sunken taste pores. Taste buds appeared disorganized with pyknotic nuclei and were weakly stained for neuron speci ICenolase. After 12 weeks postneurectomy [experimental group II], the fungiform papillae revealed a striking zliformlike appearance with absent taste buds on their summits. The filiform papillae exhibited disturbed orientations with heavily keratinized Surfaces

Conclusion: The structural and functional integrity of the lingual papillae are dependent on their intact trophic nerve supply. Extra care should be given to avoid the unnecessary nerve trauma during anesthesia or surgery

Histological study of the effect of hypo-, and hyperthyroidism on cauda epididymis of albino rats

Objectives: The present study aim was to assess the histological edfect of experimentally induced hypo- and hyperthyroid states on the cauda epididymis of albino rats

Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were equally divided into control group, a hypothyroid group [given daily intraperitoneal injection ofpropylthiouracil [PTU] in a dose of 10 mg/ kg body weight / day for one week] and a hyperthyroid group [given L-thyroxine 0.6mg/ kg body weigh/day for two weeks]. By the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from anaesthesized animals for estimation of serum triioa'athyranine [T3] and thyroxine [T4] hormones. The cauda epididyma were dissected from sacrificed animals and prepared for histological examination by the light microscope using the routine haematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains and by the transmission electron microscope

Results: The epithelium of the hypothyroid rats showed slight reduced epithelial height alternating with foci of epithelial stratification. Increased collagen in peritubular spaces is also seen. The epithelial cells revealed morphological ultrastructural alterations involving apoptosis of the principal cells, proliferation of the basal cells and increased endocytotic activities of clear cells. These changes were attributed to disturbance of the thyroidgonadal feedback mechanisms. The hyperthyroid epididymis was characterized by marked decrease in epithetial hight, widening of the lamina which appeared overcrowded with degenerated cells and spermatozoa. Electron microscopic examination revealed hydropic degenerative changes that extended to cell death involving the different cell types forming the epididymal epithelium. The lesion was attributed to the thyrotoxic-induced oxidative stress

Conclusion: Hypo-, and hyperthyroid states are associated with morphological degenerative changes in the cauda epididymis that might affect the post-testicular sperm maturation process which contributes to the causes of male infertility