Effects of solanum nigrum leaves water extract on the penetration and infectivity of schidtosoma mansoni cercaria

A crude water extract of Solanum nigrum leaves was used as a chemical attenuate to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae prior to infection of Swiss female mice. Cercariae were exposed to 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/l concentrations of the extract for 30 min. The effect on the ability of cercariae to penetrate mice skin as well as the effect on schistosome worm burden after 8 weeks of infection were measured. The observed reduction of cercarial penetration was significant at 7.5 and 10 mg/l concentrations. The mean number of worm burden declined from 28.3 worms/mouse in untreated group to 4.4 worms/mouse with 7.5 mg/l treatment. At a concentration of 10 mg/l, mice had no adult worm. The cercarial infectivity, as measured by the proportion of worms recovered in relation to the number of cercariae administrated, decreased with the increase in the extract concentration and was significant at a concentration of 7.5 mg/l. The number of schistosome eggs in hepatic tissue decreased in treated mice. The reduction in egg count [per gram liver] was significant at 5 mg/l and 7.5 mg/l. The treatment with Solanum water extract had no effect on female fecundity. These data indicated that Solanum is a promising agent for the control of schistosomiasis

Larvicidal, miracidiacidal and cercaricidal activities of the Egyptian plant Iris pseudacorus

The larvicidal properties of Iris pseudacorus leaves ethanol extract against second-instar larvae of two mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Aedes caspius [Diptera: Culicidae] were studied. It was observed that the larvicidal effect of this extract was dose dependent. The LC50 values of I. pseudacorus against C. pipiens and A. caspius were 10.36 and 16.43 mg/l within 24 hr, and 7.36 and 10.1 mg/l within 48 hr, respectively. The miracidiacidal and cercaricidal properties of I. pseudacorus extract were directly tested against Schistosoma mansoni miracidia and cercariae and a time- concentration relationship was observed. The concentrations needed to kill all miracidia [LC100] within 5 min., 30 min. and an hr of exposure were 2.7, 1.6 and 0.9 mg/l, respectively

Molluscicidal and cercaricidal efficacy of Acanthus mollis and Its binary and tertiary combinations with solanum nigrum and iris pseudacorus against Biomphalaria alexandrina

The molluscicidal activity of leaves of Acanthus mollis against Biomphalaria Alexandria was studied in this work. Its petroleum ether extract [LC50 values = 6.92 mg/L] was more potent than Solanum nigrum and Iris pseudacorus extracts. A binary combination [1:1] of A. mollis and S. nigrum as well as a binary combination [1:1] of A. mollis and I. pseudacorus extracts showed an additive effect on snails [24 hr LC50 = 5.09 mg/l and 3.76 mg/l, respectively]. A tertiary combination [1:1:1] of A. mollis, S. nigrum and I. pseudacorus extracts [24 hr LC50 = 4.01 mg/l] showed good results. Also, the petroleum ether extract of A. mollis leaves killed Schistosoma mansoni cercariae at concentrations of 20, 10 and 5 mg/1 within 30, 45 min and 1 hr, respectively. Mortality increased with increasing the exposure time and concentration

Studies on the molluscicidal and larvicidal properties of Solanum nigrum L. leaves ethanol extract

Toxicological studies on three ethanol extract preparations of Solanum nigrum L. leaves were made on Biomphalaria alexandrina. Extract [A], made by soaking leaves powder over night in cold 70% ethanol, has the highest activity, [LC[50] 3.37mg/L within 24 hr]. This extract also showed larvicidal activity against larvae of two mosquito species, Aedes caspius and Culex pipiens, [LC[50] 51.29 and 125.89 mg/L within 24 hr, and 21.38 and 38.11mg/L within 48 hr, respectively]. Sunlight, pH, and turbidity did not affect the activity of this extract, but the molluscicidal activity seems to be correlated with the increase of temperature. The concentrated extract [1000mg/L] can be stored at room temperature for six months without any change in its activity, but diluted solutions of this extract lost their activity after four weeks

Infection of two lymnaeid snails with fasciola gigantica in Giza, a field study

Population density of Lymnaea natalensis and L. columella and their natural infection with Fasciola gigantica were followed in two water bodies in Abou-Rawash area, Giza Governorate over two years. L. natalensis snails were more abundant during December- February, while L. columella snails had high density during autumn. According to the snail size, it was found that the reproduction of the two vector snails occurred in summer and early autumn. Fasciola was presented in 0.6 and 2.0% of the examined L. natalensis and L. columella snails, respectively. A high prevalence of F. gigantica in L. columella snails occurred in summer and early autumn, while their presence in L. natalensis was irregular. Naturally infected Lymnaea snails, with Fasciola, are usually of large size [>10 mm] of a given population sample