Anal endosonography and electromyography in the evaluation of anorectal functions after correction of anorectal malformations

The anorectal function was assessed in 22 patients with corrected anorectal malformation [ARM] using anal endosonography [ES] and electromyography [EMC], 14 cases had high ARM and eight cases had intermediate ARM with ages ranged between 4-16 years. The anal ES findings of the external anal sphincter [EAS] and the internal anal sphincter [IAS] were compared with those of the EMG of [EAS] and were further correlated with the clinical assessment of continence based on Kelly score. The results of the anal ES corresponded significantly with the results of the EMG and the continence scoring system of Kelly where 10 cases were clinically continent, nine cases had clinical staining and three cases had soiling

place of tourniquet in the repair of distal hypospadias: a comparative study

The aim of this prospective work was to study the effectiveness of tourniquet versus bipolar diathermy as a method to control the intraoperative bleeding and their direct implications on the operative time as well as the early and late relevant complications on hypospadias repair for distal varieties. The study included 80 children with fresh distal hypospadias without cordee repaired using the same technique [Mathieu repair] and utilizing the same suture material [polyglactin suture No 5-6]. The results have shown that the amount of blood loss was greater with the use of bipolar diathermy [15-35 ml/case], a mean of 25 ml compared with 5-10 ml/case, a mean of 8 ml with the use of tourniquet. It was concluded that the use of bipolar diathermy is superior to the application of tourniquet as regards early and late postoperative complications. Cosmesis was more satisfactory in such cases, although the use of tourniquet carries the advantages of less operative blood loss and less operative time