The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on ApoA1 and ApoB in men with coronary heart disease [CHD] after coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation is a branch of rehabilitation medicine dealing with optimizing physical function in patients with atherosclerosis after coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a period of cardiac rehabilitation on serum levels of apo-A1 and apo-B in middle aged men with myocardial infarction after CABG

Materials and methods: Subjects were selected among middle aged men [50 to 60 years old] with CABG and assigned into two groups of control [n=10] and experimental [n=10]. In experimental group, aerobic exercises [treadmill, cycle and hand ergometer] with the intensity of 11 to 13 on the [basis of burg scale] were performed during eight weeks under control of physician. Before and after the trainings, serum levels of ApoA1 and ApoB were measured by ELISA method

Results: Analysis of data using paired samples T test showed no changes in weight, BMI, levels of apo-A1 and apo-B and apo-B to apo-A1 ratio in control group [P>0.05], but in experimental group weight, BMI, apo-B and apo-B to apo-A1 ratio significantly decreased and apo-A1 increased [P<0.05]. On the basis of independent T-test results, changes of weight, BMI and ApoA1 were significantly differed between two groups [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Eight weeks cardiac rehabilitation, through reduction of apo-A1 and apo-B, can be effective in prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction and morbidity and mortality in middle aged men after CABG

Effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor levels in type II diabetic women

Increased vascular stiffness is a marker of atherosclerosis, which is diagnosed in the early stages of diabetes II. Matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs] and their tissue inhibitors [TIMPs] are a family of proteolytic enzymes necessary for structure and function of great vessels. This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on MMP9 and TIMP-1 levels in type II diabetic women. This is a quasi-experimental study which included 20 in type II diabetic women with mean age of 53.2 +/- 2.5 years, body mass index [BMI] of 28.73 +/- 2.27 and fat percentage of 30.6 +/- 2.05, who were randomly divided into two groups: aerobic exercise group [8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for 50 minutes] and control group. To examine changes in MMP[9] and TIMP-1, 5 ml of blood was taken from the brachial vein of patients before and 48 hours after completion of exercise period and after 12 hours of fasting at rest. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16 software with the independent and paired t-tests. A significant decrease was observed in body mass index and body fat percentage in the experimental group [p<0.05]. Compared with the control group, the aerobic exercise group showed a significant decrease in MMP[9] [p=0.01] and a significant increase in TIMP-1 levels [p=0.02] after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. The results showed that aerobic exercise as a stimulus can change the levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases in diabetics

Effect of a single session of aerobic and circuit-resistance exercise on plasma ghrelin and agouti-related peptide [AgRP] levels in well-trained females

Ghrelin and agouti-related protein [AgRP] are orexigenic peptides secreted from stomach mucosa and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, respectively. Both peptides affect feeding behavior and play a role in energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and adiposity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two types of exercises, aerobic and single circuit resistance exercise on plasma ghrelin and AgRP levels. The current study is semi-experimental. Twenty two athletes young females randomly selected and assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. Blood samples were collected before and after the enforced protocol. Plasma AgRP and ghrelin levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] method. Results showed a significant increase in plasma AgRP [p=0.001] and ghrelin concentration in control and aerobic [p=0.001] and circulate-resistance [p=0.001] groups. In healthy females a single session of aerobic and circuit-resistance exercise could be associated with the increase of these peptides in response to the negative balance of energy produced by exercising for increasing appetite to compensate energy resources body subjects

[ effects of a single session aerobic exercise on obestatin gene expression in trained women]

Studies indicate that obestatin, an anti-hunger peptide, plays an important role in energy balance, GH secretion, and body weight. It has been physiologically shown that obestatin apposes the function of Ghrelin. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a single session of aerobic exercise in trained women [a 1.5-mile run] on the expression of obestatin gene found in lymphocytes. 16 trained female participants [4 +/- 1 years of training experience] were voluntarily selected from Khorasan province in Iran and were randomly divided into two groups: the control and aerobic exercise groups. The participants in the aerobic group were asked to run for 1.5 miles with a fixed speed [70 VO2 max] while the controls were passively present in the exercise environment. Following an overnight fast, blood samples [10 ml from the antecubital vein] were collected before and immediately after the exercise from all the participants. Obestatin expression was investigated after separating the lymphocytes by centrifuge and using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. There was a rise in obestatin gene expression in the case group after one session of aerobic training versus the control group but the changes were not statistically significant. The results indicated that a single aerobic exercise could not significantly increase the expression of obestatin. Perhaps the type, duration and intensity of the applied protocol in this study did not have a cumulative effect on this gene although these results are in harmony with the results of other studies in this regard