RESUMO
Although factors such as implant length, location, and diameter as well as bone quality have been associated with excessive failure rates, smoking is suggested as a stronger predisposing factor for higher failure rates. Thus, knowing the relationship between bone loss around the dental implants, maintenance of the implants and smoking could be a principle step towards solving these problems. The aim of this study was to compare bone loss rate around the dental implants in smokers and none smokers. This retrospective cohort study was performed on ITI implants [Straumann] replaced in 36 patients. After written testimonial was obtained, clinical observations was done based on questionnaire, the data of age, gender, systemic status, date of surgery, tooth replaced with implant, implant length, duration of placed implant [in months], and cigarette smoking. Implants were placed in two groups: non smokers [60 case specimen] and smokers [30 control specimen]. After obtaining OPG radiography, data such as occlusion type, oral hygiene, situation of the opposite tooth, PPD and BOP was gathered. Finally, the rate of bone loss was calculated using radiography and measuring the changes in the height of bone around the implant from the time of surgery to the time of this study. After gathering information by SPSS, statistical tests such as Chi-Square and ANOVA were done. In this study there was statistically significant relationship between the smoking and BOP [p<0.05] and smoking and PPD [p<0.05]. Finally, there was statistically significant relationship between the smoking and rate of bone loss [p<0.05]. The mean rate of bone loss in the non-smokers and smokers was 0.32 +/- 0.51 mm and 0.69 +/- 0.52 mm, respectively. In this study, smoking had effect on survival rate or bone less around implant.
RESUMO
Implant stability of different designs have shown to be variable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability changes as a reflection of early healing around roughened-surface implants in human using resonance frequency analysis [RFA]. 153 Branemark Replace tapered Ti-unite[tm] implants in 68 patients were placed in the maxilla or mandible. Bone type was classified into one of 4 groups according to Lekholm and Zarb index. RFA was used for direct implant stability measurement on the day of implant placement and at 14, 30 and 60 days after placement. No early failure occurred. The lowest primary stability measurement was observed in type 4 bone. Student t-test for comparison of bone groups at each time point revealed no significant difference between implant stability in all bone types [P > 0.05]. In testing the effect of implant length and diameter with time using the mixed model ANOVA according to implant length, there was not any significant difference between groups [P > 0.05]; however, implant diameter showed a significant effect on implant stability. There were no significant differences in implant stability between genders [P > 0.05], According to the results, pattern of stability changes are not different among different bone type