Gender based outcome of acute cholecystitis

Objective: To find out whether or not male gender is associated with more severe gallbladder inflammation

Study design Retrospective review of records

Place and Duration of study: Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan [SKBZ] Hospital / CMH Muzaffarabad, from January 2012 to June 2015

Methodology: A retrospective data analysis of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis was done. Data for 740 patients with cholecystitis was retrieved. Out of these 220 patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 72 hours of admission, were included in the study. Gallbladder inflammation was confirmed on histopathology report

Results: There were 110 male and 110 female patients in this series. There was a significant number of male patients who had severe gallbladder inflammation in comparison with female patients [p=0.002]. The male gender was confirmed in a multivariate analysis as an independent risk factor for severe cholecystits [p=0.018]

Conclusions: Male gender is a risk for severe gall bladder inflammation. Early surgical intervention is therefore warranted to prevent complications

Prediction of refractive error after intraocular lens implantation in pediatric patients at Al-Shifa trust eye hospital Rawalpindi

To determine the amount of refractive error in children after cataract surgery with intraocular lens [IOL] implantation to evaluate success in achieving postoperative target refraction and to determine the factors which affect the prediction of refractive error in pseduphakic pediatric patient. Retrospective observational case study. The children were assigned into three groups depending on age at time of surgery: Group A, 1-4 years old; Group B, 4-8 years old; Group C, 8-15 years old. Multiple regression analysis was used to create a formula for expected myopic shift and to find out which variables were associated with a higher absolute prediction error. Children of group A of age 1-4 years experienced higher myopic shifts and a larger mean rate of refractive change per year compared with older children. We found higher myopic shifts in younger children at time of surgery and children with unilateral cataract. Absolute prediction error was significantly higher in Group A compared with Group B and C. Multiple regression analysis showed that corneal radius was the only variable significantly associated with absolute prediction error. Our data demonstrate the complexity in predicting the postoperative refraction in children of 2-3 years old and show that age at surgery and laterality are factors to consider when deciding which IOL power to implant in children