RESUMO
SUMMARY Hypercalcemia is a frequent condition in clinical practice and when the most frequent causes are excluded, etiological diagnosis can be challenging. A rare cause of PTH-independent hypercalcemia is described in the present case report. A male adult with a history of androgenic-anabolic steroids abuse, and injection of mineral oil and oily veterinary compound containing vitamins A, D and E into muscles for local hypertrophy presented with hypercalcemia, nephrocalcinosis, and end-stage renal disease. On physical examination, the presence of calcified subcutaneous nodules and calcification of musculature previously infused with oily substances drew attention. Laboratory tests confirmed hypercalcemia of 12.62 mg/L, low levels of PTH (10 pg/mL), hyperphosphatemia (6.0 mg/dL), 25(OH)D of 23.3 ng/mL, and elevated 1,25(OH)2D (138 pg/mL). Imaging exams showed diffuse calcification of muscle tissue, subcutaneous tissue, and organs such as the heart, lung, and kidneys. The patient was diagnosed with PTH-independent hypercalcemia secondary to foreign body reaction in areas of oil injection. The patient underwent treatment with hydrocortisone for 10 days, single dose zoledronic acid and hemodialysis. He evolved with serum calcium levels of 10.4 mg/dL and phosphorus of 7.1 mg/dL. In addition, sertraline and quetiapine were prescribed to control body dysmorphic disorder. The medical community should become aware of new causes of hypercalcemia as secondary to oil injection since this should become increasingly frequent due to the regularity with which such procedures have been performed.
RESUMO
Resumo Introdução: Doença renal crônica (DRC) é um importante problema de saúde pública que, no Brasil, tem como principais etiologias a hipertensão arterial (HA) e odiabetes mellitus (DM). O diagnóstico precoce possibilita a implementação de medidas preventivas que retardam ou mesmo interrompem a progressão para os estágios mais avançados da DRC. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à DRC entre adultos atendidos pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Métodos: Estudo transversal com delineamento epidemiológico, descritivo e observacional, realizado com 511 adultos maiores de 20 anos, atendidos na ESF em região de Goiânia, GO. Definiu-se DRC como TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 e/ou albuminúria ≥ 30 mg/g. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi estimada pela equação de Cockcroft-Gault e a albuminúria por meio da razão entre albumina e creatinina urinária em amostra de urina. Constituíram variáveis independentes: idade, sexo, pressão arterial, uso de álcool, DM, tabagismo e sobrepeso/obesidade. Resultados: A prevalência de DRC foi 32,53%, enquanto TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 ocorreu em 10,64% e albuminúria em 25,29% da amostra. A análise identificou associação significativa entre idade ≥ 60 anos e TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 (p < 0,001). Quanto à albuminúria ≥ 30 mg/g, encontrou-se associação com sexo masculino (p = 0,043), DM (p = 0,002) e consumo de álcool (p = 0,035). Conclusão: Observou-se alta prevalência de DRC nos estágio iniciais na ESF, sendo os fatores associados à doença idade ≥ 60 anos, sexo masculino, DM e consumo de álcool. Logo, sugere-se a realização de triagem e monitoramento para DRC em adultos atendidos na ESF.
Abstract Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an important Brazilian public health issue that has as main etiologies, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM). The precocious diagnosis is important, because it allows the implementation of preventive measures that retard or interrupt the progression to the most advanced stages of the CKD. Objective: Identify the prevalence and the associated factors to the CKD among adults served by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Methods: Cross-sectional study with epidemiological, descriptive and observational design, realized with 511 adults older than 20 years, served by the FSH in a region of Goiania. CKD was defined as GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2and/or albuminuria ≥ 30 mg/g. The GFR was estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation and albuminuria by the ratio of albumin and urinary creatinine in the urine sample. The independent variables were age, sex, blood pressure, alcohol comsumption, DM, smoking and overweight/obesity. Results: The CKD prevalence was 32,53%. While GFR < 60ml/min/1.73 m2occurred in 10,64% and albuminuria in 25,29% of the sample. The analysis identified a significant association between the ages ≥ 60 and GFR < 60ml/min/1.73 m2 (p < 0,001); as the albuminuria ≥ 30 mg/g the association was found in the male gender (p = 0,043), DM (p = 0,002) and alcohol consumption (p = 0,035). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of CKD's early stages on FHS, taking in consideration the risk factors of age ≥ 60 years old, masculine gender, DM and alcohol consume. Therefore, a CKD screening and monitoring is suggested in adults who are served by the FHS.