Brown seaweed Padina gymnospora is a prominent natural wound-care product

ABSTRACT Seaweeds are related to anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-noceptive effects. This work aimed to verify the potential of seaweed Padina gymnospora (Kützing) Sonder 1871 to improve wound healing in vitro. P. gymnospora was collected at a bethonic area in Espirito Santo. Methanolic extract of P. gymnospora was obtained by percolation. To determine cytotoxicity, colorimetric MTT tests were performed against normal fibroblasts (L929), macrophages (RAW 264.7) and human ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cell lines using concentration range of 12–110 µg ml-1. To evaluate in vitro wound healing, monolayer of fibroblasts L929 was seeded and artificial wounded. Cell proliferation was blocked by 5 µg ml-1 Mytomycin C. Nitric oxide inhibition was quantified with Raw 264.7 by Griess reaction. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus was determined. Eletrospray ionization with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR MS) was applied to detail composition of P. gymnospora methanolic extract. No cytotoxic effect in all cell lines was detected until the maximum concentration of 110 µg ml-1. P. gymnospora promoted significantly migration at the concentration of 25 µg ml-1 (p < 0.05). A prominent inhibition of nitric oxide formation was achieved in a concentration of 20 µg ml-1 of methanolic extract of P. gymnospora (62.06 ± 1.20%). Antibacterial activity against S. aureus could be demonstrated with MIC of 500 µg ml-1. ESI-FT-ICR MS analysis indicated eleven molecules between then, linolenic, oleic and linoleic acid. P. gymnospora favored wound repair in vitro what could be related to its fatty acid composition. In addition, its antimicrobial effect, and NO inhibition activity contribute for a new approach of P. gymnospora as a promise natural product for treatment of cutaneous wound.

Triterpenes from the Protium heptaphyllum resin - chemical composition and cytotoxicity

Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand, Burseraceae, is popularly used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. However, the cellular mechanism of action remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the chemical composition of P. heptaphyllum resin and cytotoxicity on a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The chemical composition of the resin was determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometer. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC, caspase-3, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme activity and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF- α) assays were performed to evaluate apoptosis and inflammatory events. The resin consisted of triterpenes, such as α- and β-amyrin. Cytotoxicity was only observed in fractions enriched with α- and β-amyrin. The resin and fractions elicited antiproliferative activity, increased activity of caspase-3 and ACE, and a decrease in the TNF-α level. Altogether, the resin and fractions enriched with α- and β-amyrin promoted cytotoxicity and apoptosis.