Humeral Head And Glenoid Dimensions In The Indian Population: A Cadaveric Study

Background: Shoulder prosthesis should accurately mimic the proximal shoulder and glenoid anatomy to recreatethe shoulder biomechanics. There may be a mismatch in the sizes of the Indian native bone and the currentlyavailable western shoulder prosthesis, since the bony morphology of Indians may be different from that of thewestern counterpart.Purpose: To measure the average humeral head diameter and glenoid length and width, so that a proper implantselection may be done based on the knowledge of average Indian bony morphology.Methods: Twenty shoulders in ten fresh cadavers were dissected to expose the humeral head and glenoidarticular surface. The humeral head diameter was measured with the help of a digital vernier caliper in twoplanes: Supero-inferior diameter (D1) and antero-posterior diameter (D2). The glenoid length (l) and width (w)were measured with the help of a vernier caliper.Results: The average humeral head diameter (D1) ± S.D. in the Supero-inferior plane was 45±3.4 mm (range 40-50.6mm) and antero-posterior (D2) plane was 42.7±2.2 mm (range 40-46mm) with a mean difference of 2.2 mm.The average length of the glenoid (l) was 35.4±1.3 mm (range 32-37mm) and width of the glenoid (w) was 25.3±2.1mm (range 21-28mm). The shape of the humeral head was more ellipsoidal at diameters above 45 mm.Conclusion. We can conclude that the humeral head diameters and glenoid length and width in Indian populationare smaller than the western counterparts. The ellipsoidal shape of the humeral heads becomes more marked atdiameters above 45mm.

Rapid detection and characterization of chikungunya virus by RT-PCR in febrile patients from Kerala, India.

There has been a resurgence and prevalence of fever with symptoms of Chikungunya (CHIK) and increased death toll in Kerala, the southern-most state of India. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid detection method to determine the presence of CHIK- virus in the serum samples collected from febrile patients in Kerala, India. Serum specimens were analyzed for CHIK viral RNA by RT-PCR using primers specific for nsP1 and E1 genes. Five out of twenty clinical samples were positive for CHIK virus. The partial sequences of the E1 and nsP1 genes of the strain, IndKL01 were highly similar to the Reunion strains and the recently isolated Indian strains. A novel substitution, A148V, was detected in the E1 gene of the isolate, IndKL02. The detection procedure used in this study was simple, sensitive and rapid (less than 4 hr). This result suggests that CHIK viruses similar to the Reunion strains, which had resulted in high morbidity and mortality rates, may have caused the recent Chikungunya outbreak in India. The effect of the variant, E1-A148V, in the virulence and the rate of transmission of the virus deserves further investigation.